Education and Unforgettable Experience

Unforgettable Experience I still remember my first day of school in USA. It’s an unforgettable experience that I will always remember. In 2001 my family and I moved to USA, Arizona from India for better life and education. I was placed at 6th grade elementary school. First day of school for any student can be hard, but even hard for a student who doesn’t speak a word of English. Now, what made my first day of school so unforgettable was how I had to find my class, how I had to introduce myself to my new classmates, and how I tried to understand what the teacher was trying to teach.Reading a map and navigating the class location is quite hard for a 6th grader. Specially, for a student that’s in a new country and a new school like myself. I got off the bus and I have my school map on my hand trying to find where my class is. I am running one way to another holding my heavy backpack. Accidently, I ran into a girl. We both fell hard to the ground. I quickly got up an d helped her pick her stuff up and apologized. Funny to say I knew how to say sorry from watching movies, I said sorry to her but I didn’t understand a word she was saying to me and she didn’t seem quite happy.I understood from her facial expressions that she was cursing me and the students around were laughing out loud. Then, a nice lady teacher name Mrs. Smith came and I showed her my class number. Somehow, she understood that I needed help. So she helped me to my class after that embarrassing scene. Now everyone knows first day of school is about the teacher introducing themselves, going over the class rules and every student introducing their self to the class. My teacher name Mrs.McDonalds started with talking about herself and also, about what we were going to do that school year. After her it was the students turn, one by one each student stood up and said their name. They told the class about their interests and favorite things to do. I am nervously looking aro und trying to figure out what is going on. Then all of the sudden everyone starts staring at me and the teacher is asking me something. I started getting nervous and shy. I only understood the word name the teacher said, so I quickly told her my name.Then I stood quietly while the whole class started to laugh because of the awkward situation. After an embarrassing introduction of me to the class the teacher started to talk about our first assignment. We had to write a narrative essay with at least 500 words. As she explaining and teaching us about how to put together a narrative essay. I am sitting there asking to myself what in the world is going on. What do I do? It was even hard for students with English being their first language. Sitting in class not knowing a word of English was not fun.My classmates didn’t want to work with me because I couldn’t communicate with them. I just couldn’t wait for school to end for the day. It is an unforgettable experience I will always remember and think about. A quote that comes to mind says â€Å"you always learn the hardest way† unknown. What I went through that day made things easier for me the next day of school because I was more aware of things. I was more careful on my way to class, tried to learn how to introduce myself and ask the teacher for help with assignments.

Do We Rely Too Much on Technology?

Do we rely too much on technology? Technology is a great thing, it is used anywhere and everywhere around the world. Whether it’s a radio or an iPad, we all have some sort of technological device lying around somewhere in the house. Technology can be portrayed as our twenty-first century slave (without the feeding). You can ask it to do something and it will do it for you, it is a way of improving our living conditions. This might draw you back on a present for your mum or your house bills, but which one would you rather have? As we create a new generation of gadget hungry children that live on technology, do we rely too much on it?Let’s use mobile phones as an example, one in three adults have a phone and the same with nine in ten children. When was the last time you used one? Or are you using one right now? If you are like me then you can’t be off your phone for more than two minutes. If you are not calling someone then you are texting someone. If you are not t exting someone, then you are browsing the web, most likely you would be on facebook or twitter. If you are not doing any of those things then you would be staring blindly at your phone with nothing to do, or just waiting for something to happen.Can we not stop using our phones and do something more productive? We seem very reluctant to just turn our phones off. Being a user myself I have nothing against mobile phones, but technology has become more than a tool and more of a lifestyle. The main purpose of a phone is to make and receive calls, not search for the nearest restaurant within 500 metres. We all have to adapt to a new generation of technology, especially with innovative devices soon to be released such as new ranges of skinny TV’s, new iPods and iPhones etc.It’s all something we have to get used to. As time passes by technology seems to get better, better and better. When I was a kid all I remember was playing with my yu-gi-oh cards at break time with my frien ds and occasionally feeding my lifeless tamagotchi. Now when all I see are young primary children with their iPhones and their PSP’s socialising with people in other countries, all when their friends are right next door. 74% of households have internet connection, it is no surprise that the demand or internet has multiplied in the recent years.I must admit though, nothing beats a game of call of duty with your friends around the world. Technology has brought use medicines, cures for diseases that people could recently not live without. It has taken us to the moon, made it easy for us to go to other countries (planes, boats and trains), connected the whole world together in an invisible network and more importantly made us the fridge. Without advances like these how would we get clean water? How would you stay warm in winter? All this things have changed the way we live and we certainly cannot live without them.Nevertheless there are also bad things that technology has brought us, such as viruses that ruin our computers, explicit content that should not be seen, gambling sites that we might get too carried away with and not to mention the amount of time wasted just browsing the web doing nothing. Think about Facebook; an average person will use Facebook for about two hours a day. How did we ever procrastinate without Facebook or just without the web itself? Imagine a world without technology, I doubt most of us would be able to live in a world without it.Do you think you could? How would you get clean water? How would you stay warm? Let’s be honest. Do you actually know how to start a fire (without technology obviously)? It would be a completely different world to the one we live today, more like the one we used to live in. I just think that we are starting to use technology too much in our everyday lives. We are starting to lose our traditions; think of a book, more and more people are beginning to buy eBooks on their Kindle or tablet, is almost as if we don’t need hard copies of books anymore.Another good example is music; most music nowadays is just made by someone making random sounds with synthesizers. What happened to using real instruments? And what happened to buying CD’s in a shop? Or is all our music going to be directly stored in our computers? Whilst I have nothing against eBooks or online music, I think it’s good to buy the occasional CD and book, walking and not driving, playing football with our friends instead of losing ourselves in video games. When people say we are losing ourselves in technology they are right, we are, but is it really worth it? Juan Borges.

Biko

A review of the biographical novel, Biko by Donald Woods. The paper reviews the book as a biography of both Steve Biko and Donald Woods. It illustrates how Donald Woods was able to combine his own story with that of Steve Biko in the novel. It begins with a background on Steve Biko and Donald Woods, goes on to state the main struggle of the book and gives a synopsis of the plot. The focus of this paper is on the way the events affected Woods.Biko tells the story of Donald Woods and his relationship with black consciousness leader Steve Biko. The author Donald Woods is a journalist and was a close friend of Steve Bikos. Biko is a biography of Donald Woods as well as a biography of Steve Biko as Woods sees him. Firstly, I will briefly detail who Steve Biko is so the events of the book can be seen in perspective. Steve Biko was a black South African who led the black consciousness movement in South Africa. He struggled for liberation from the apartheid regime. He was a political activist and believed that black liberation started with black psychological self-reliance. This idea was the basis for the black consciousness movement that Biko led. Biko believed that by doing this you could get to the base of the problem and change the way society operated. Biko was killed by South African security forces while in detention, aged thirty.

Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outline Example Upon recruitment, players in the two industries must establish viable strategies for retaining the skilled employees. Players in the hospitality and tourism industry should develop career promotional campaigns as a method of attracting and retaining skilled employees (Australian Government, 2015, p.29). The companies, through the campaign programs, can enlighten prospective employees the career opportunities and growth programs the industry can offer. Players in the tourism sector should advocate the inclusion of tourism education in the curriculum of the system (Shakeela, Breakey, & Ruhanen, 2012, p.35). Education creates awareness and encourages youths to pursue further training in fields related to the industry. To bridge the gap of skilled labor shortage during the peak season, the hospitality, and tourism companies should incorporate outsourcing as an intervention measure (Davidson & Wang, 2011, p.239). Hiring of qualified employees during the peak season in hotels and tourism agencies lead to enhanced efficiency in handling the influx of tourism. Outsourcing is relatively cheap and convenient because the companies do not need to incur the high cost of labor during low season. Hotel and Tourism companies need to strategize on the method of recruiting new employees into the industry. The recruits must possess the necessary qualifications in terms of academia for the jobs, as this will influence directly on performance (Hui-O & Hsin-Wei, 2011, p.205). Companies must evaluate what skills they are in need of prior to recruitment. Besides the skills, attitude and capability of the newcomers need require thorough vetting to ascertain their suitability for the industry. Adjustment of remuneration packages for the skilled workforce in the hotel and tourism industry is instrumental in the retention of employees (Daft, 2010, p.310). Salaries and allowances

Please look at case study number one I will upload the assisgnment

Please look at number one I will upload the assisgnment - Case Study Example This finding resulted in the change of focus for the company from the US market to the growing market of China. Also, it needs to be mentioned that during the year 2001, the inclusion of mainland China in the WTO resulted in the eradication of limitations in regards to investment of foreign nature. This provided significant amount of momentum to the new focus of Acer. Also, the factor associated with low cost skilled manpower that is available in the Chinese markets ended up in providing strong potential for growth. It is of considerable importance to state that while concentrating on the process of altering the focus of the company, the top management realized that the key to achieving growth in the foreign markets is highly linked to the factor of attaining significant strong point in the local market. Talking more specifically in regards to what has been desired as the ‘divide and conquer approach of Acer’, it can be said that the company’s top management assum ed that by gaining the economies of scale in the local market of China, it will develop an upper hand in regards to developing more innovative products that will help the company to strengthen its position in the local market as well as develop an edge in regards to capturing the international market (Electronic Business Asia, p .34). It is of considerable importance to highlight the fact that the paradox related to the company’s focus on the global and local markets is part of company’s long terms strategy. It is relevant to mention that during the middle of the 90’s period, the company was facing issues of depreciating sales in the markets of the United States. Significant analysis by the company in regards to the causes associated with the slowdown in sales resulted in a strategic change of the company. The top management of Acer realized that for

The heart rate of Daphnia magna Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The heart rate of Daphnia magna - Lab Report Example Daphnia is characterized by these features. Daphnia is the small, planktonic crustaceans, which belong to the order Cladocera (Campbell and Jane 12). Their length ranges between 0.2 to 5 mm. These organisms are among the many small aquatic crusteceans often called water fleas. They live in varied aquatic environment conditions that range from freshwater ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, as well as in acidic swamps (Helms, Carl Helms, Kosinski and Cummings, 14). There are two available species of Daphna. These are Daphnia magna, which is relatively large, and the Daphnia Pulex, which is the smaller size (Campbell 56). Studies have indicated that parameters such as toxins, caffeine, chlorine, and concentration of a fluid, have an impact on the heart rate of Daphnia magna (Helms 23) Generally, Daphnia are characteristically known to possess a transparent body and because of this, it is possible for one to observe effects of substances upon its body without necessarily carried out a surgica l procedure. Research has indicated that it is possible to observe the Daphnia’s heart to be dorsal to its backbone (Helms 32). Notably, on average, under normal conditions, Daphnia has been reported to have a heart rate of about 180 beats per minute (Helms 34) It is worth noting that there are numerous studies that have so far been conducted on the two species of Daphnia. Recent research has indicated that various components have an impact on the heart rate of Daphnia magna (Bertil 45). Key among them includes caffeine, alcohol, acetylcholine, epinephrine and temperature. Alcohol, which is depressant, when used, it works on the body system slowing down the body activities. In this case, with the introduction of alcohol, the heart rate consistently becomes slower. With excessive alcohol, animals become inactive and might end up dying. This way, alcohol works in such a way as to inhibit the nervous system (Naumann 34). On the other hand, caffeine

Administrative Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Administrative Law Coursework - Essay Example the development of the state as an industrial welfare one and with the government extending its monitoring systems to almost all areas of socio-cultural and economic life, the judicial review of the decisions taken by the administration has become an absolute necessity to support the standpoint of the government to recognize the individual interests. During the last 15 years of so, the courts basing their courses on this broad-based approach of the government have also delivered their decisions in various cases recognizing the individual interests. The cited instance of the issue connected with the granting of more number of taxi licenses against the number of licenses announced as will be issued is a case falling under the purview o the Administrative Law which implies the exercise of the power of the government delegated to the local administrative bodies by the legislature through various statutes. This power enables the administrative bodies to follow the prescribed procedure regarding the exercise of such powers vested on them during any decision making process. â€Å"The administrative law emanates from the general rule of law that all government officials and public authorities are subject to the regular law of the land as administered by the courts†1. The officials and public authorities can exercise only those powers specifically vested on them by the legislature and this is to ensure that they are not exceeding their authority in making any decision in the administrative matters. The second premise is that even when the authorities are acting within the scope of authority the courts will have the power to intervene to ensure that follow the proper procedures already laid down in this connection. It is also imperative that such authorities take into account the interests of the individuals before arriving at any decision. The public officials while adopting the procedures for decision making under their powers should consider how the decisions need to

Pagasus Airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pagasus Airline - Essay Example Such factors help the company with respect to connecting flights to increase its growth prospects. The infrastructure of airport is very flexible and it supports growth which is long term. The company’s fleet plan is accommodative of growth while at the same time can be considered balanced (Surhone, Tennoe and Henssonow, 2011). The company should follow a marketing strategy to highlight such factors as cost advantages, lower costs of airport, and an airport infrastructure which is considered as flexible. The strengths can be the factors such as the airline is growing very fast in EU and the fact that the company has a product offering which is considered to be very simple with the benefits of attractive pricing. The weaknesses can be enumerated as the factors such as the airline is highly dependent on fuel prices and that it is necessary for the airline to obtain bilateral agreements for getting sanction for new routes. The opportunities can be factors such as the aviation market in Turkey is very much underpenetrated and that there is considerable scope for improvement in factors such as loading and the utilization rates of aircraft with the launching of night flights. Threats could be considered as the factors such as an increased competition in Turkey from the low cost carriers of Europe and the opening of new airport of Istanbul. The company should focus on the opportunities and develop its marketing strategy accordingly. It should use advertising as a means to gain a greater market share and increase its revenue in the process. As the aviation market in Turkey is underpenetrated, there is every possibility that other low cost carriers of Europe will try to enter the market. In this regard, the company should use advertising to highlight factors such as lower costs of airport, cost advantages, etc. that it is already enjoying. The company has a very

Eating Habits of College Students Research Paper

Eating Habits of College Students - Research Paper Example Also, it demonstrates how adequate understanding of consequences of poor eating habits can improve the health of the students and the entire nation. 1. Research question(s), rationale and qualifications, This study aims to answer various issues relating to eating habit of the college students. For example, how does food quality of campus cafe affect eating habits of the college student? What factors influence the eating habit of the college students? Is there a relationship between campus life and eating students eating habit? Does poor eating habit among the college students have any effect on their health? What is the link between the level of health dietary awareness and students eating habit? 2. Outcomes and impact The rate of overweight and obesity in the United States has been rising at an alarming rate as well as the prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes and so on. Various studies have shown that the most affected population are those between the age of 18 and 29 years, and an unfortunate majority of these are the college, students. Also, about 36% of the college students are either overweight or obese (Farrell, 2010). The menace of overweight or obesity among the college students has been contributed by unhealthy eating habits. The college environment has also made a significant influence on the eating habits of the students because of the availability of large portions of high calorie and fat foods as well as buffet style cafeteria (Deshpande et al., 2009).

Chapter 5 Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 5 Reaction - Essay Example I am now more aware that precautions should be observed when communicating with others, especially those people from diverse cultural orientations or those who do not belong to the same generation to prevent misunderstanding. The authors’ style of using diverse real life scenarios to explain points of contention provided clear illustration and support to the arguments. Examples in the form of stories, incidents, and funny communication scenarios reinforce meanings to the lessons that the author aimed to impart. The value of the information in the chapter is measured in terms of its applicability to one’s personal life. As I live in a Western culture where people are more open, frank, and honest in terms of verbal communication, I have accepted and adapted the practice of being direct but likewise vigilant in using frames and idioms depending on the situation and the person I am talking to. Likewise, not because I live in the United States, does it necessarily mean that I have to impose the American culture and way of live to other people from diverse racial and cultural background. The article assisted in guiding me towards using proper decorum and to be more vigilant in exerting appropriate efforts in learning and being aware of critical acceptable and unacceptable behavior in terms of communication patterns and expressions.

Graphic design Essay Example for Free

Graphic design Essay I have been surrounded with art my whole life. My aunt is a photography major and my father started out in graphic design but now does more of the business side than creative. I grew up in a home that had a love for art. When I was little I used to sit for hours and hours and watch my dad work on his projects. I just loved watching how he created the beautiful picture and wanted to learn how I could do it too. I took art classes in elementary and junior high school and loved being able to create pictures with pencil, oil pastels, paint, or create a vase with broken pieces of glass. Once I got to high school I took digital photography, drawing, web design, and interior design and loved it all. I knew graphic design was what I wanted to do when I looked at all the classes required for the major and couldn’t wait to take all of them and learn all that I could. The beauty of art has always attracted me and I have always loved being able to create it myself. Sometimes I kind of struggle with the whole inspiration or â€Å"what do I draw† thoughts, but with graphic design there is more of a need where a client needs a logo, or a web page, or play bill to be designed. There is already the need and I am here to fulfill that need with my creative ideas and it has more of a purpose than to just make somebody feel something. It is to catch the viewers’ eye and intrigue them to come to your event or buy your product. I love being able to help people. Knowing that I can both create art and help someone with graphic design is just the perfect fit for me.

Solid Dispersion System in Drug Delivery

Solid Dispersion System in Drug Delivery The oral route remains the preferred route of drug administration due to its convenience, good patient compliance and low medicine production costs. In order for a drug to be absorbed into the systemic circulation following oral administration, the drug must be dissolved in the gastric fluids. The active pharmaceutical ingredient in a solid dosage form must undergo dissolution before it is available for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.1 Currently, approximately 40% of the marketed immediate release (IR) oral drugs are categorized as practically insoluble ( 1.1 Biopharmaceutics classification system The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) was introduced in the mid-1990s to classify the drug substances with respect to their aqueous solubility and membrane permeability. BCS is a useful tool for decision-making in formulation development from a biopharmaceutical point of view. Solubility improvement strategies are required for Class II and Class IV drugs. 1.2 Approaches to improve the solubility or to increase the available surface area for dissolution Physical modifications Particle size Micronization Nanosuspensions Modifications of the crystal habit Polymorphs Pseudopolymorphs (including solvates) Complexation/solubilization Use of surfactants Use of cyclodextrins Drug dispersion in carriers Eutectic mixtures Solid dispersions (non-molecular) Solid solutions Chemical modifications Soluble prodrugs Salts 1.3 Solid Dispersions The term solid dispersion refers to a group of solid products consisting of at least two different components, generally a hydrophilic matrix and a hydrophobic drug. The matrix can be either crystalline or amorphous. The drug can be dispersed molecularly, in amorphous particles (clusters) or in crystalline particles.7 Much of the research that has been reported on solid dispersion technologies involves drugs that are poorly water-soluble and highly permeable to biological membranes as with these drugs dissolution is the rate limiting step to absorption. Hence, the hypothesis has been that the rate of absorption in-vivo will be concurrently accelerated with an increase in the rate of drug dissolution. Therefore, solid dispersion technologies are particularly promising for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. 1.3.1 Types of solid dispersions On the basis of release mechanisms and molecular arrangement in the matrix, solid dispersions are distinguished into following types9: A. Simple eutectic mixture: Eutectic mixture is prepared by rapid solidification of fused melts of two components that show a complete liquid miscibility with negligible solid-solid solubility. It involves loose atomic or molecular interaction and not on the formation of chemical bonds. When the eutectic mixture is exposed to gastrointestinal fluids, both the poorly soluble drug and the carrier may simultaneously crystallize out as a very small particles result in an increased the surface area and improved dissolution and absorption of the drug. B. Solid solution: A solid solution represents a homogenous one phase system, where the solid solution is dissolved in a solid solvent and the two components crystallize together. The solid solution achieves faster dissolution than a eutectic mixture because the drug particles in a solid solution are reduced to molecular size and dissolution of the drug takes place in the solid state prior to the exposure to the liquid medium. C. Glass solution: It is a homogenous glassy system in which a solute dissolves on glassy solvent results in increased dissolution and absorption of the drug. It is characterized by a transparency and brittleness below the glass forming temperature. Glass solution is a metastable and the strength of the chemical bonding is much less as compared to solid solution. Therefore, the release of the drug was found to be faster than a solid solution. D. Amorphous precipitations in crystalline carrier: An amorphous form of a drug produces faster dissolution rate. The drug may precipitate out in an amorphous form in a crystalline carrier from solid dispersions prepared by melting or solvent method. A strong interaction between the drug and carrier resulting in the formation of channels within the matrix seems to be a possible mechanism for improved dissolution of the drug. E. Compound or complex formation: The formation of a complex between the drug and the carrier may either decrease of increase the dissolution and the absorption rate of the drug. The formation of soluble complex with low association constant resulted in increased rate of dissolution and absorption. The enhancement in dissolution rate of the drug can be ascribed to An increasing solubility of the drug because of its amorphous state or small particle size (Kelvins law)9,10 An increased surface area available for drug dissolution because of the small size of the drug particles11,12 An improvement in wetting of the drug caused by the hydrophilic carrier13,14 1.3.2 Advantageous properties of solid dispersions Management of the drug release profile using solid dispersions is achieved by manipulation of the carrier and solid dispersion particle properties. Parameters such as carrier molecular weight and composition, drug crystallinity and particle porosity and wettability, when successfully controlled, can produce improvements in bioavailability.16 a. Particles with reduced particle size: Molecular dispersions, as solid dispersions, represent the last state on particle size reduction, and after carrier dissolution the drug is molecularly dispersed in the dissolution medium. Solid dispersions apply this principle to drug release by creating a mixture of a poorly water soluble drug and highly soluble  carriers. A high surface area is formed, resulting in an increased dissolution rate and consequently, improved bioavailability. b. Particles with improved wettability: Strong contribution to the enhancement of drug solubility is related to the drug wettability improvement in solid dispersions. It was observed that even carriers without any surface activity, such as urea improved drug wettability. Carriers with surface activity, such as cholic acid and bile salts, when used, can significantly increase the wettability properties of drugs. Moreover, carriers can influence the drug dissolution profile by direct dissolution or co-solvent effects. c. Particles with higher porosity: Particles in solid dispersions have been found to have a higher degree of porosity. The increase in porosity also depends on the carrier properties, for instance, solid dispersions containing linear polymers produce larger and more porous particles than those containing reticular polymers and, therefore, result in a higher dissolution rate. The increased porosity of solid dispersion particles also hastens the drug release profile. d. Drugs in amorphous state: Poorly water soluble crystalline drugs, when in the amorphous state tends to have higher solubility. The enhancement of drug release can usually be achieved using the drug in its amorphous state, because no energy is required to break up the crystal lattice during the dissolution process. 1.3.3. Carriers used in solid dispersions Many carriers of natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic types are being used which include natural carbohydrates, semi-synthetic and synthetic hydrophilic polymers. S.No:  1 Nature of carrier:  Sugars Name of the carrier:  Dextrose, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose,maltose,galactose, xylitol, mannitol S.No:  2 Nature of carrier:  Acids Name of the carrier:  Citric acid, tartaric acid and succinic acid S.No:  3 Nature of carrier:  Polymorphic materials Name of the carrier:  Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycols, hydroxyl propylmethylcellulose (HPMC), guargum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, pectin, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC) and dextrins. S.No:  4 Insoluble or enteric Nature of carrier:  polymer Name of the carrier:  Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulosepthalate, eudragit RL, eudragit L 100, eudragit S100, eudragit RS. S.No:  5 Nature of carrier:  Surfactants Name of the carrier:  Polyethylene stearate, poloxamer 188, tweens and spans. S.No:  6 Nature of carrier:  Miscellaneous Name of the carrier:  Nicotinic acid, succinamide, dextrans, gelatin, poly vinyl alcohol, urea, cyclodextrins, skimmed milk etc., Table 1.2 Various carriers used in solid dispersions 1.3.4. Preparation techniques of solid dispersions The following are the major processes for the preparation of solid dispersions. A. Solvent evaporation method: In this method, the physical mixture of two components is dissolved in a common solvent and followed by the evaporation of solvent. The advantages of this method are low temperature requirements for the preparation of dispersion and thermal decomposition of drugs and carriers can be prevented. The higher cost of production, incomplete removal of solvent, adverse effects of solvent on the chemical stability of the drug and selection of common solvent are the drawbacks of this method. B. Melting method (Fusion method): The physical mixture of drug and water- soluble carrier was heated to melt and the molten mixture was then cooled and solidified mass was crushed, pulverized and sieved. The melting point of a binary system depends on its composition and proper manipulation of drug carrier ratios. Decomposition should be avoided due to fusion time and the rate of cooling. C. Kneading method: The physical mixture of drug and carrier were triturated using small quantity of organic solvent and water mixture, usually alcohol and water (1:1v/v). The slurry is kneaded for 45 minutes and dried at 45 °C. The dried mass is pulverized and sieved through sieve no. 60 and the fraction was collected. The advantages of this method are low temperature requirements for solid dispersion preparation and usage of organic solvent is less. This method of preparation avoids thermal degradation of drug and employs less quantity of organic solvents. D. Melting solvent method: This method involves dissolving the drug in a suitable solvent and the incorporation of the solution directly into the molten carrier. This method possesses the advantages of both solvent and melting methods. E. Supercritical fluid methods: Supercritical fluid methods are mostly applied with carbon dioxide (CO2), which is used as either a solvent for drug and matrix or as an antisolvent. This technique consists of dissolving the drug and the carrier in a common solvent that is introduced into a particle formation vessel through a nozzle, simultaneously with CO2. When the solution is sprayed, the solvent is rapidly extracted by the SCF, resulting in the precipitation of solid dispersion particles on the walls and bottom of the vessel. This technique does not require the use of organic solvent and since CO2 is considered environmentally friendly, this technique is referred to as solvent free. This technique is known as Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution (RESS). F. Lyophilization/ Freeze Drying: This technique is an alternative to the solvent evaporation method. Here the drug and carrier are dissolved in common solvent, frozen and sublimed to obtain a lyophilized molecular dispersion. G. Melt agglomeration process: This technique is used to prepare solid dispersion where a binder acts as a carrier. The solid dispersion is prepared by heating binder, drug and excipient to a temperature above the melting point or spraying the dispersion of drug in the molten binder on the heated excipients using a high shear mixer. The effect of binder type, method preparation and particle size are the critical factors influencing the solid dispersion preparation by this method. These parameters results in various dissolution rates, mechanism of agglomerate formation and growth, agglomerate size and distribution. 1.3.5. Limitations of solid dispersion systems: Problems limiting the commercial application of solid dispersions are: Laborious and expensive method of preparation. Reproducibility of physico-chemical characteristics. Difficulty in incorporating into the formulation of dosage forms. Crystallization of the amorphous drug in the dispersion. Poor scale up of manufacturing process and physical and chemical stability of drug and the vehicle. 1.4 FDTs: Fast-disintegrating and fast-dissolving tablets are becoming popular as novel delivery systems for drug administration. They are more convenient for children, elderly patients, patients with swallowing difficulties, and in the absence of potable liquids. The most desirable formulation for use by the elderly is one that is easy to swallow easy to handle. Taking these requirements into consideration, attempts have been made to develop a fast-disintegrating tablet. Since such a tablet can disintegrate in only a small amount of water in the oral cavity, it is easy to take for any age patient, regardless of time or place. For example, it can be taken anywhere at anytime by anyone who do not have easy access to water. It is also easy to dose the aged, bedridden patients, or infants who have problems swallowing tablets and capsules. Recently, many companies have researched and developed various types of fast-disintegrating dosage forms.18 These tablets display a fast and spontaneous de-aggregation in the mouth, soon after the contact with saliva, though they can be handled or extracted from the package without alteration. The active agent can thus rapidly dissolve in the saliva and be absorbed through whatever membrane it encounters, during deglutition, unless it is protected from pre-gastric absorption. To fulfill these requirements, tablets must be highly porous, incorporating hydrophilic excipients, able to rapidly absorb water for a rapid deaggregation of the matrix. Different technological techniques, such as freeze drying or molding or direct compression are currently employed to prepare the formulations of this type present on the pharmaceutical market. 1.4.1 Advantages of Fast Disintegrating Drug Delivery System (FDDS) 19,20 Ease of administration to patients who refuse to swallow a tablet, such as pediatric and geriatric patients, mentally ill, disabled and uncooperative. Convenience of administration and accurate dosing as compared to liquids. No need of water to swallow the dosage form, which is highly convenient feature for patients who are traveling and do not have immediate access to water. Good mouth feel property of FDDS helps to change the basic view of medication as bitter pill, particularly for pediatric patients. Ability to provide the advantages of liquid medication in the form of solid preparation. Rapid dissolution of drug and absorption, which may produce rapid onset of action. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus as the saliva passes down into the stomach; in such cases bioavailability of drugs is increased. Pregastric absorption can result in improved bioavailability and as a result of reduced dosage, improved clinical performance through a reduction of unwanted effects. 1.4.2 Approaches for fast disintegrating tablets A. Patented technologies Currently, four fast-dissolving/disintegrating technologies have reached the U.S. market: Zydis (R.P. Scherer, Inc.) WOWTAB (Yamanouchi Pharma Technologies, Inc.) OraSolv (Cima Labs, Inc.) DuraSolv (Cima Labs, Inc.) B. Three others are available outside the U.S. Flash Dose (Fuisz Technologies, Ltd.), Flash tab (Prographarm Group), OraQuick (KV Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.) Nanocrystal Technology C. Conventional technologies Freeze -drying or lyophilization Tablet Molding Direct compression Spray drying Sublimation Mass extrusion Direct compression It is the easiest way to manufacture tablets. Conventional equipment, commonly available excipients and a limited number of processing steps are involved in direct compression. Also high doses can be accommodated and final weight of the tablet can easily exceed that of other production methods. Directly compressed tablets disintegration and solubilization depends on the single or combined action of disintegrates, water soluble excipients and effervescent agent. Disintegrate efficacy is strongly affected by tablet size and hardness. Large and hard tablets have a disintegration time more than that usually required. As consequences, products with optimal disintegration properties often have medium to small size and /or high friability and low hardness. Breakage of tablet edges during handling and tablet rupture during the opening of blister, all results from insufficient physical resistance. Disintegrants have a major role in the disintegration and dissolution process of mouth dissolving Tablets made by direct compression. To ensure a high disintegration rate, choice of suitable type and an optimal amount of disintegrant is important. Other formulation components such as water soluble excipients or effervescent agents can further enhance dissolution or disintegration properties. But the main drawback of using effervescent excipients is their highly hygroscopic nature. The understanding of disintegrant properties and their effect on formulation has advanced during the last few years, particularly regarding so called superdisintegrants. Disintegration efficiency is based on a force equivalent concept, which is the combined measurement of swelling force development and amount of water absorption. Force equivalent expresses the capability of disintegrant to transform absorbed water into swelling force. The optimization of tablet disintegration was defined by means of disintegrant critical concentration. Below this concentration, the tablet disintegration time is inversely proportional to disintegrate concentration and above that disintegration time remains approximately constant or even increases. The simultaneous presence of disintegrate with a high swelling force called disintegrating agent and substances with low swelling force ( starch, cellulose and direct compression sugar) defined as, swelling agent was claimed to be a key factor for the rapid disintegration of the tablet, which also offers physical resistance. 1.4.3 Mechanism of tablet disintegration and water absorption When mouth dissolving tablets placed in the mouth, upon contact with saliva the tablet disintegrates or dissolve instantaneously. The mechanisms involved in the tablet disintegration mechanisms are Swelling Wicking (capillary) Deformation Particle repulsive forces Chemical reaction (acid base reaction) a. Swelling Not all disintegrates swell in contact with water swelling is believed to be a mechanism in which; certain disintegrating agents (like starch) impart their disintegrating effect. By swelling in contact with water, the adhesiveness of other ingredients in a tablet is overcome causing the tablet to disintegrate. b. Wicking (porosity and capillary action) Effective disintegrants that do not swell are believed to impart their disintegrating action through porosity and capillary action. Tablets porosity provides a way for the penetration of fluid into tablets. The disintegrants particles (with cohesiveness and compressibility) themselves act to enhance porosity and provide these capillaries into the tablets. Liquid is drawn up or wicked into these ways by capillary action and rupture the inter-particulate bonds causing the tablet to break into small parts. c. Deformation Starch grains are generally thought to be elastic in nature that is the grains that are deformed under pressure will return to their original shape when that pressure is removed. But, with the compression forces involved in tabletting, these grains are permanently deformed and are said to be energy rich with these energies being released upon exposure to water, that is the ability for starch to swell is higher in energy rich starch grains than in starch grains that have not been deformed under pressure. It is believed that no single mechanism is responsible for the action of most disintegrants. But rather, it is more likely the results of interrelationships between these major mechanisms. d. Due to disintegrating particle/particle repulsive forces: Another mechanism of disintegration attempts to explain the swelling of tablets made with non-swellable disintegrants. Guyot-Hermann has proposed a particle repulsion theory based on the observation that nonswelling particle also causes disintegration of tablets. The electric repulsive forces between particles are the mechanism of disintegration and water is required for it. Researchers found that repulsion is secondary to wicking. e. Chemical reaction (acid base reaction) Disintegration of tablet included with citric acid and tartaric acid along with the sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate; these react in contact with water to liberate carbon dioxide that disrupts the tablet. Name of the Product:  Imodium Lingual Active Ingredients:  Loperamide hydrochloride Dose:  2 mg Name of the Product:  Pepcidin Rapitab Active Ingredients:  Famotidine Dose:  20mg and 40 mg Name of the Product:  Mosid MT Active Ingredients:  Mosapride citrate. Dose:  2.5mg and 5mg Name of the Product:  Calritin Reditabs Active Ingredients:  Loratadine Dose:  10 mg Name of the Product:  Nimulid MD Active Ingredients:  Nimesulide Dose:  50mg and 100mg Name of the Product:  Zyrof Meltab Active Ingredients:  Rofecoxib Dose:  50 mg Name of the Product:  Feldene Melt Active Ingredients:  Piroxicam Dose:  10mg and 20 mg Name of the Product:  Maxalt-MLT Active Ingredients:  Rizatriptan Dose:  5mg and 10 mg Name of the Product:  Pepcid RPD Active Ingredients:  Famotidine Dose:  20mg and 40 mg Name of the Product:  Zyprexa Zydis Active Ingredients:  Olanzapine Dose:  5mg, 10mg, 15mg and 20 mg Name of the Product:  Zofran ODT Active Ingredients:  Ondansetron Dose:  4 mg and 8 mg Name of the Product:  Remeron Soltab Active Ingredients:  Mirtazepine Dose:  15mg, 30mg and 45 mg Name of the Product:  NuLev Active Ingredients:  Hyoscyamine sulfate Dose:  0.125 mg Table 1.3 Marketed fast disintegrating tablets Piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent, belonging to BCS class II is widely used as a first line drug in the symptomatic relief of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Its low aqueous solubility has to be overcome through formulation strategies. Skimmed milk can be used as a drug carrier as it is inexpensive, easily available, biodegradable, and does not exhibit toxicity problems as experienced with PEG and PVP.24-26 Polymers  as  carriers  also  have  limitations  in  enhancing  Ã‚  the  Ã‚  solubility  of poorly  soluble drugs  due to  their  high viscosity. So the use of skimmed milk in the formulation of the SD of the drugs with limited aqueous solubility may be a potential and cost effective way to overcome the problem.27 Skimmed milk is a colloidal suspension of casein micelles, globular proteins and lipoprotein particles. The principal casein fractions are a-s1, a-s2, b-casein and k-casein. b-casein is amphiphilic and acts as a detergent molecule with surfactant property. The milk also contains whey proteins with principle fractions of the b-lacto globulin, a-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulins. These molecules were found to be surface active with a superior solubility than caseins.28 Aminoacids have been suggested either as additives in peroral application or in the form of aminoacid salts to reduce gastrointestinal disorders arising due to piroxicam like NSAIDs. The surface active agents and amino acid content are expected to be the reason for increased permeation of the drug from the solid dispersion.29,30

The 10 Most Sacred Places in the World

The 10 Most Sacred Places in the World 10 Most Sacred Places in the World Faith is the driving power for billions of people around the world. Regardless of the religion or faith you belong to, there are sacred places for every kind of people throughout the world. After going through many of such places and locations around the world, we have come up with what we think are top 10 in our mind regardless of the order. Below is a list these sacred places: 1-Masjid Al Haram-The Kaaba, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Masjid Al Haram is considered the most sacred place for Muslims. This place holds a significant value in the history of Islam and is the birth place and home to the last prophet and the most important and influential figure in Islam, the beloved Muhammad (PBUH). This place is significant for other reasons too, like Hajj- the biggest annual gathering of over 16 million Muslims from all over the world conducted to show unity and love to the one and only God- ALLAH. This place is surrounded by mountains and the ambiance and the atmosphere here exudes peace and tranquility. Praying-in and visiting this place really reinvigorates faith in your mind and soul and the feeling you get here is nothing you would have ever experienced in your entire life. Visit: http://www.beautifulmosque.com/Masjid-al-Haram-Night-View-Saudi-Arabia 2-Cenote Sagrado, Mexico Cenote is basically an underground water reservoir, and the Mayan people considered these to be very important for the sustenance of life, essentially due to water. Cenote Sagrado is one such cenote which is considered to be a sacred place for these people. This cenote is created from natural limestone, and is located in the Yucatan Peninsula. It is believed that unlike normal cenotes that provided people with daily life necessities like drinking and bathing, this cenote was used for ceremonies and special purposes like sacrificing children and women in the times of drought to please Chac, who was believed to be the God of Rain by the Mayans. The place is so beautiful and peaceful that you’d want to stay there forever. Visit: http://travel.prwave.ro/the-cenote-at-chichen-itza/ 3-Shwedagon Pagoda, Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda is named by many travelers and tourists as the sacred place to visit. This beautiful monument of Gold is located some 100 yards over Rangoon, the largest and the former capital city of Burma. This location especially comes to life at the evening and night times and is famous in Buddhist people due to it being home to Buddha’s remnants. http://www.ursulasweeklywanders.com/culture/the-heart-of-myanmar-shwedagon-pagoda-yangon/ 4-Crater Lake, Oregon This is a beautiful fresh water lake that is located in the central region of South Oregon. It is a crater that has been considered sacred by the local Klamath tribe for centuries and is believed to have come into existence as result of an explosion in Mount Mazama some 8000 years ago. The place is covered with lush green plantation and the beautiful lake water reflects the sky to turn into a deep blue color. The result is a stunning scenery, a wonder that eyes just cannot let go of, the serenity and peacefulness of the location just captivates your imagination like few other places can. Visit: http://nexttriptourism.com/crater-lake-tourism-in-oregon/ 5-Hagia Sophia, Turkey Hagia Sophia can be considered as one of the most visited sacred places by tourists on Earth. This sacred place, unlike the rest is an architectural marvel, and reflects one of the finest pieces of craftsmanship you would ever encounter in your life. The most unique and differentiating fact about this place is that although it is a sacred place for Muslims in particular, but it attracts tourists from all over the world regardless of their beliefs and religions. Visit: http://nexttriptourism.com/hagia-sophia-is-a-unique-turkey/ 6-Ghats of Varanasi, India Ghat can be understood as a riverside place or the place on the river banks where one can sit or change before entering into the river. Varanasi is a sacred city of India and the several Ghats present on riverside in this famous city provides for hundreds and thousands of believers with bathing opportunities, the place to meditate or even an opportunity to say the final ceremony of their loved ones. The setting sun on this beautiful river is also a sight which will leave you speechless and in complete awe. Visit: http://www.hindugodwallpaper.com/wallpaper-59-101.html 7-Spanish Synagogue, Czech Republic If you are a Jew and happen to live in Europe, then you cannot miss to visit this sacred place. This is probably one of the most beautiful Synagogues in the Entire Europe, or better yet in the entire world. Located in the beautiful city of Prague, this synagogue is loaded with Fascinating ancient drawings, designs and beautiful architecture that overwhelms you with its presence, and the calm and quite atmosphere revives the faith from within. Visit: http://jbuff.com/shul%20prague%20spanish_synagogue.htm 8-Mount Kailash, Tibet This is probably the most beautifully dangerous sacred destination on our list. Mount Kailash is of immense importance for more than one religion, it is considered a holy place in religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and the religion of Bon. Annual trip to this wonderful and sacred mountain is made by many thousands who believe in its sacredness, but the road to the location is a very tricky one and you might need some assistance if you’re visiting for the first time. Visit:http://www.mountainsoftravelphotos.com/Kailash/Inner%20Kora/slides/33%20Nandi%20From%20Above%20Nandi%20Pass%20On%20Mount%20Kailash%20Inner%20Kora%20Nandi%20Parikrama.html 9-Vatican  City Set foot in the world’s only carbon neutral state, the Vatican City is as beautiful as it is sacred. It is home to the Pope and presents some of the most beautiful and the scarcest pieces of art and backdrops you can find in Rome. The city is absolutely full of lush green gardens and the atmosphere of the city just brings about the surge of emotions that are hard to feel in other cities of the world. Visit: http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Vatican 10-Jerusalem Jerusalem is probably one of the oldest sacred places to have existed on this planet. Bearing its significance in some of the biggest religions in the world, it is a sacred and holy place for Muslims, Jews and Christians since thousands of years. Many battles have been fought amongst Christians, Jews and Muslims in the history over this great city and it still to this day is the most important city for Muslims after Makkah and Madinah. The mere history and the culture that this holy land presents is enough to attract millions from all over the Globe annually. Visit: http://sharingjerusalem.org/

What is in yours? :: science

What is in yours? From the moment parents bring their new baby home from the hospital, they watch their baby's progress, anticipating every inch of growth and each new developmental milestone along the way. But what exactly are they watching for and how do parents know if their child is growing properly? Growth is the various physical and developmental milestones that most children reach during each age level. Physical growth, which is generally measured in terms of height, weight and head growth, is also monitored carefully. This includes increases in height and weight as well as development in cognitive, language, and social skills. Hair grows; teeth come in, come out, and come in again; and eventually puberty hits. It's all part of the growth process. The first year of an infant's life is a time of astonishing change. During this time, a baby will grow rapidly and achieve major developmental milestones, such as taking first steps or maybe even saying a few first words. On average, babies grow 10 inches in height while tripling birth weight by their first birthday. Beginning in infancy, a child will visit a doctor for regular checkups. At each of these visits, the doctor will record the child's height and weight on a growth chart. This chart shows the doctor and parents how the child's height and weight compare to that of other children the same age. This can help your child's doctor determine whether your child is growing at an appropriate rate or whether there might be any problems. After age 1, a baby's growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 years, growth in height usually continues at a fairly steady rate of approximately 2 1/2 inches per year until adolescence. No child grows at a perfectly steady rate throughout this period of childhood, however. Weeks or months of slightly slower growth alternate with mini growth spurts in normal children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in the spring than during other times of the year. A major growth spurt occurs at the time of puberty. Around ages 8 to 13 in girls and 10 to 15 in boys, kids enter puberty, which lasts from about 2 to 5 years. By the time girls reach age 15 and boys reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with puberty will have ended for most teens and they will have reached physical maturity.

Tanzanias Climate Essay -- Tourism Africa Global Warming Environment

Tanzania's Climate Tanzania represents a wealth of ecological diversity, ethnic diversity, and geographical diversity. It contains both the tallest mountain in Africa as well as the largest lake, and is a tourist hotspot for safaris and expeditions to Mt. Kilimanjaro. The citizens of Tanzania are utterly dependent on the weather for their two major businesses, agriculture and tourism. Thus, the climate of Tanzania is worth examining in greater detail. Tanzania has two distinct seasons, wet and dry. However, the northern region of Tanzania can experience two wet seasons, the longest of which spans from March to May and the shortest from November to December. The March to May period is known as â€Å"the long rains†, during which excessive rainfall occurs. The shorter period from November to December is known as â€Å"the short rains†, where rainfall occurs intermittently and may last into January. The rest of the country experiences one wet season from November to May. Since Tanzania is located in the Southern hemisphere, December to March can be considered the country’s summer, and June to September its winter. The seasons are â€Å"in fact the transition between the two main trade wind systems which dominate at different times of the year; the northeasterly trades between December and March, and the southeasterlies between June and September† (Sumner 53-66). Caused by the highly cyclic weather patterns of the intertropical convergence zone, these trade winds are the main factor in determining the change of seasons and are abetted by the very geography of Tanzania. The flow of air over the East African plateau causes the formation of the Southerly Jet which in turn regulates the Indian monsoon season. The jet flows in parallel to Ta... ...does not bode well for its inhabitants. If remedial measures are not taken, Tanzania’s economy and quality of life will suffer greatly in the near future, and we as a planet will suffer greater consequences in the far future due to the rising temperature of the Earth. Works Cited: Alverson, Keith, et al. "A Global Paleoclimate Observing System." Science 293.5527 (2001): 47-8. Nieuwolt, S. "Rainstorm Distributions in Tanzania." Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 56.3/4 (1974): 241-50. Sumner, G. N. "Daily Rainfall Variability in Coastal Tanzania." Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 65.1/2 (1983): 53-66. Zhou, Guofa, et al. "Association between Climate Variability and Malaria Epidemics in the East African Highlands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101.8 (2004): 2375-80.

Czech Republic :: Czech Europe Essays

Czech Republic We just arrived in the Czech Republic; once part of the Holy Roman Empire and then the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Czechoslovakia (as it was then known) became an independent nation at the end of World War I. The Czech republic is located North of Hungary, South of Poland, East of Germany, and West of the Ukraine and Russia. The capital of the Czech republic is Prague. The Czech Republicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exact position is - longitude, - latitude. Pragueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s coordinates are longitude by latitude. We arrived in the Czech Republic on and left for on . While in the Czech Republic we visited many unique sights. One of the most impressive was Prague Castle. It is the most popular and most visited sight in the Czech Republic, so it was a must see attraction for us. We also went to The Castle St. Vitus, the Cathedral, (which is a gothic landmark), three courtyards, and many huge & beautiful gardens. We visited another church, St. Nicholas, it had a large green cupola. We wanted to get a feel for the people of the country, so we went to Old Town. Old Town is the working heart of Prague, as it has been since the 10th Century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the buildings we went in had gothic insides and Roman basements. One day we had a picnic on a three hundred and eighteen-meter high hill called Petrin Hill. On top there is actually a network of eight parks. While we were there we stopped at the observatory Petrin Tower. Petrin Tower looks like a small Eiffel Tower and was built in 1891. We climbed the 299 steps for only 25 kc, (which is Czech money). Next we went to Wencelas Square. This square is the center of cultural, financial and everyday life. There are a lot of theaters, shops, store and banks around to use. After our adventure in the square we went to see Josefov, the Old Jewish Quarters. Praguesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ former Jewish ghetto was located in Old Town within the streets of Kaprova, Plouha and Ankozi. During World War II the Nazisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ under the control of Hitler wiped out this community.

Nacho Duato

Juan Ignacio Duato Barcia, also known op Nacho Duato (Valencia, 8 January 1957) is a Spanish modern ballet dancer and choreographer. After a long and successful career, he was selected by the Spanish Ministry of Culture and Education as the artistic director of the National Spanish Dance Company (Compania Nacional de Danza de Espana) in June 1990. In July 2010 Nacho Duato was appointed the artistic director of the ballet at the Mikhailovsky Theatre, effective from January 2011. Contents   [hide] 1 Career 2 Choreographic works 3 Prizes and Awards 4 References 5 External links [edit]CareerNacho Duato studied at the Rambert School of London,[1] Maurice Bejart’s Mudra School in Brussels and Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City alongside professional ballet dancer Shaylee Keith. He started his dancing career in Stockholm's Cullberg Ballet[2] and one year later he joined, Nederlands Dans Theater,[3] with artistic director Jiri Kilian and remained with the company fo r ten years. In 1983 he choreographed the Jardi tancat ( Shut Garden in Catalan) to music composed by Maria del Mar Bonet. They were awarded with the first prize in the Internationaler Choreographischer Wettbewerb, Koln.In 1988, Duato was appointed steady NDT choreographer together with Hans van Manen and Jiri Kilian. Nacho's choreographies have been included in the most prestigious international companies such as Cullberg Ballet y Nederlands Dans Theater, American Ballet Theatre, The Australian Ballet, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, Stuttgart Ballet, Ballet Gulbenkian, San Francisco Ballet, Royal Ballet and Paris Opera Ballet. On 07/02/2013 the German Online Newspaper Der Tagesspiegel reported that Nacho Duato was to become the chief of the Berlin State Ballet. [edit]

Mate Selection

It is not uncommon for individuals to bargain with themselves in an effort to create motivation where none exists: If I get the lawn mowed before noon, I’ll spend the rest of the day watching football; if I lose five pounds, I’ll buy that new dress.   Sometimes, when individuals bargain, it isn’t as much for motivation as it is for justification: If my boss won’t give me that raise, I’ll stop working those extra hours; I had every right to flip that guy off because he cut right in front of me. These are instances in which the bargaining is self-motivated, self-serving, and self-indulgent, and while effective and perhaps necessary, the stakes in most of these circumstances isn’t necessarily high.   After all, who’s going to know or care if a yard goes unmowed, a dress is prematurely purchased, an extra hour isn’t spent at one’s desk, or a flip-off wasn’t honestly deserved?   However, when it comes to choosing a mate in a relationship, the role played by bargaining carries a much higher stake, and the consequences of poor judgment while bargaining and/or poor bargaining tactics can be devastating. The degree to which bargaining occurs during the mate selection process varies from person to person as do the focal point(s) of the bargain; however, there are a number of areas that are particularly intriguing. â€Å"The Necessities and Luxuries of Mate Preferences: Testing the Tradeoffs† (2002)  focuses on the degree to which â€Å"women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in  potential mates before considering many other characteristics† (Li, Bailey, Kenrick, &  Linsenmeier).   Factors such as a potential mate’s attractiveness and social status are essential  according to Li, et al. (2002); however, because their research placed greater emphasis on  realistic economic potential as opposed to that of previous research (which allowed for  speculation regarding â€Å"how to spend imaginary lottery winnings†), a pattern that had not  previously emerged became clear: the sexes do not always agree on what constitutes a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"necessity† versus what constitutes a â€Å"luxury† (Li, et al., 2002). American social construct is partially responsible for this difference.   Men are far more likely to have access to â€Å"status, power, and resources†; therefore, these are deemed â€Å"necessary† traits by women who seek a mate.   On the other hand, men view women as the means by which offspring can be produced, and based on this, they see physical attractiveness and age as â€Å"necessary† factors in mate selection (Li, et al., 2002).   Obviously, this requires a great degree of bargaining as the two subjects are (at least initially) focused on absolutely different traits while evaluating a potential mate Where Li, et al. conclude that much of the bargaining that occurs in mate selection is based on the differences between what men and women consider â€Å"necessary,† â€Å"Gender Socialization: How Bargaining Power Shapes Social Norms and Political Attitudes,† (2005) examines the social dynamics that might be responsible for creating the basis for the differences between the sexes regarding what is â€Å"necessary† (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) focus on the issue of patriarchy â€Å"and explore its effects on female social, economic, and political status† in order to evaluate â€Å"mate choice preferences between agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial societies.†Ã‚   This research was an intriguing undertaking, and what it revealed was the effect that social structure had on the bargaining that took place in mate selection. Social settings that required brawn (i.e. the agricultural and industrial periods) required women willingly bargain to find a mate who was physically capable of performing basic household and wage-earning duties (Iverson & Rosenbluth).   Women often bargained for a mate with physical strength by giving up living arrangements, locations, and circumstances.   Because women of the agricultural and industrial periods were not physically capable of performing some tasks and legally barred from others, there was little choice but for them to put aside almost everything but sheer physical strength when undertaking bargaining during mate selection (Iversen & Rosenbluth). When the post-industrial period was examined, two significant differences were seen.   First, because the need for physical prowess to survive at home and at work had diminished, women were far less likely to bargain away everything simply to secure a strong man.   â€Å"Once employment opportunities for women [began to approach] those of men in quantity and quality, socialization [began] to shift away from [women’s] ‘playing the marriage market’ † (Iversen & Rosenbluth). No longer would women willingly pack up and move hundreds of miles away from all family and all friends, nor would they automatically settle for a man of lower social and economic status in order to marry brawn—women could consider themselves wage-earners and be more choosey when it came to potential mates (Iversen & Rosenbluth). The second phenomenon that was revealed was â€Å"the declining importance of virginity† that factored into the bargaining (Iversen & Rosenbluth).   Where women of the agricultural and industrial periods had to secure their virginity absolutely, women of the post-industrial period were not as likely to be dismissed as ineligible brides by the men of the era simply because they were no longer virgins.   This degree of personal control had a freeing effect on women who began to see themselves as capable of autonomy (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Much of this seems to indicate a breaking away on the part of women, and Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) conclude that â€Å"while mate preferences in agrarian societies seemed to reflect an inevitable female resignation to their subordination, modern mate preferences are more egalitarian, and the gender gap in policy preferences suggest that many women are hoping to use the democratic state to make them more egalitarian still.† Given the number of times a day an individual is likely to bargain with him/herself over routine actions or mundane decisions, it seems reasonable that a great deal of bargaining go into something as significant as the selection of one’s mate.   Research seems to indicate that like other acknowledged differences that exist between the sexes, the degree to which certain factors influence bargaining with and selection of a potential mate may depend on the gender of the evaluator. Further, it seems that as time passes and the more independent women become, the more the evaluative items regarding what is â€Å"necessary† may change in the minds of both males and females. References Iversen, T. & Rosenbluth, F.   (2005).   Gender socialization: How bargaining power shapes social norms and political attitudes.   Retrieved October 22, 2006. Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W.   (2002).   The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing and tradeoffs.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6). Retrieved October 22, 2006               

Form of education Essay

â€Å"Education is the key to success†. Everyone knows about it. Education come in many forms, that’s why many people are speaking and writing about it, some with authority and some are ordinary. But does everyone knows the real meaning of Education? How can we say that we are already educated person if we don’t know exactly the real definition of the word Education? And how can we apply it in our daily lives? Education is a stage of such a process which develops your knowledge to learn different things or simply it is the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools. There are three forms of Education. It can be Education of Heart, Education of Norm and at last Education of Dominion. The Education of Heart tackles about the education for the perception of the Individual. While, Education of Norm is all about for the perception of the Family and lastly the Education of Dominion (Intellectual, Technical, and Physical Education) it is the education for the perfection of the Nature of Dominion. Education is the most important thing in our life. It is a gift from above which cannot be taken away from us and can bring us to the top of our dreams. Education is not only by going to school, it can happen by a lot of ways. And it is important specially for those people who can’t afford to go to school, because of their status in life. And they believed that through education, one person’s knowledge can be enhanced and improve. The greatest treasure that everyone must have is Education. It’s like planting a rice; at first you need to execute more efforts, time and skills. Then, wait for the right time to harvest. Education is an important tool that is applied in the modern world to succeed, as it lessen the challenges or obstacles which are faced in life. For some people they compared Education as a special ingredient for a cooking recipe. They’ve said that any kind of dishes will never become delicious if it doesn’t have a complete and satisfying ingredient. The foundation of the society is based on Education, since it brings social and economic prosperity. Education offers a setting in which language, tradition, culture and values of the society are developed. Education has played a major role in the modern life to all individuals in the society and also in the industrial world. Employment is based on education, as employees must have the required skills that correspond with the technology to do their different tasks. As the technology keeps improving , more and more people using it in their lives. Therefore, education grown bigger because people nowadays are learning different things from this technology. Education can mold a personality of an individual. It can help one person to further to his or her own future. A good quality education is not only choosing a good school, it’s choosing a school that can handle different attitudes of students and still can teach them the right path to be a good citizen. There’s no young and adult in education as long as you want to reach your goals and your prepared enough to fight for it. Learning is an education and experience is an education too. But sometimes learning something new can be a scary experience. Specially for those times that you have been facing your fears. But it doesn’t mean that we should be afraid to overcome our own fears and mistakes because we can learn a lot from this things and sometimes it can be our guide to become a better and more stronger one. Although we already know that education is an important thing that everyone must have, but for others it still have disadvantages. Knowledge is power; though it is widely accepted that it is essential for growth and development of an individual, but sometimes it is the reason for some discrimination. Some forms of education blindly impose ideas upon young minds instead of teaching them to think for themselves. A lot of people gathered their knowledge based in their experience for which there is no substitute. An education system is very helpful in developing and improving the quality of human life. Living in this contemporary world is very hard to succeed. That’s why it is better to have a good quality education. Education will be our open doors to attain the training and learning experiences for career opportunities that we need to fulfill in our dreams. Through education we can learn how to enhance life skills such as critical thinking skills, a healthy living lifestyle and self-confidence. It also helps to build our personality to learn how to use good manners, and having respect for others. We learn healthy and productive ways to grow into socially active adults.

School Trying Character Education on For Size

The role of the school is changing today. The school now must realize its role in character development. â€Å"Schools must recognize that they cannot accomplish the academic aspect of their mission if they do not attend to the needs of the whole child, and that the pursuit of a narrow academic missions alone is simply no longer sufficient†. This sentence should be a wake up call to schools today. We as teachers must understand that it is now becoming our job to develop the character of the children we teach. The character development of the child is not as strong as it once was. There are so many problems that kids are facing now. Children are now engaging in high-risk behaviors. These behaviors include alcohol, drugs, tobacco use, and violence. Children are not being taught at home the destruction that these things cause. Researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and business leaders are the ones addressing this lack of a full range of development in today†s youth. They feel that character development is as important to effective schooling as reading, math, science, or social studies. The youth will become active members of family, school community, and society as a whole. This development of character will also help them to more willingly take part in their education. Several things should be taken into consideration when we think about teaching character development. First off, we as educators must first understand what are role is and what is the purpose of schools today. Also, we have to know the students we teach. Knowing a student's home life should give us a better understanding of the type of character development they get from home. Then we must understand what to teach to help develop their character. How do we teach is the next thing we must look at How can we make this meaningful for the students, in and out of school. We need to make sure our staff is ready to teach. Finally, we need to find out where to teach. These questions are a guide for setting up a character development program. Character education helps its participants have more productive lives. It teaches the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. Character education teaches self-discipline, responsible decision making, respect for others, and a lot more qualities that help people to have healthy relationships and productive lives. When implementing a character education program, you need to follow some basic steps. Talk to the community, law enforcement, and teachers to find out some of the more dangerous problems that effect that community. Give schools the opportunity to find funds to implement a program, from business or industry. Help schools to find a model of character development from which they can get ideas and have an avenue to get questions answered.

Accident Victim Interview Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Accident Victim Interview Report - Essay Example As soon as he lifted his second foot to take a further step backwards, there was no floor beneath. Next moment, Paul was on the first floor. He had fallen head down and the back of his head struck against the corner of the first stair. The stair was made in concrete and had not yet been plastered or tiled. Paul was not wearing helmet while plastering, so he received scars on the back of his head. He started to bleed heavily. The foreman noticed him and immediately reported the case to the engineer. The engineer called for the safety officer and called the first aid. The safety officer took notes and escorted Paul to the nearest hospital. Paul received five stitches in the head. Surprisingly, he did not have any fracture. He was lucky enough to remain safe and sound. After taking his X-ray, the doctor said that the scars were not deep and had not penetrated into the skull. Paul had only had his skin cut. The doctor proposed that Paul should take a bed rest for at least two weeks befor e going to work. The construction company he was employed in paid for his medical expenses. After two weeks, the scars had sufficiently healed. The doctor undid the bandage. Paul was feeling ok then and would be at work the following day. The incident was reported to OSHA. OSHA team visited the construction site and instructed the General Manager (GM) to bring certain changes in the workplace within a specified duration. Following the incident, the safety officer ensured that every worker wore the helmet. To achieve this, he announced with due approval of the GM that any worker found without a helmet on the site would be fined along with his foreman. Every worker would receive three fines before getting terminated from work, and the successive fines would be larger. The safety officer also got scaffolding fixed aside every staircase in every house on the construction site. In addition to that, all workers were called in a

Construction Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Management Techniques - Essay Example Unlike bureaucratic structures, those administrative systems offer every individual to work as a unit of a hierarchy to concentrate only over a segment of work to enhance his capabilities of production as a human resource. Consequently, it becomes the main responsibility of an individual to cope with the other parallel and serial units of hierarchy in a way that provides a smooth workflow throughout the structure and enhances the overall capability regarding quality and quantity of outcomes. This synchronization of individuals depends chiefly on the communication and information modules that individual fulfills. And, resultantly, communication and information framework becomes the utmost important area to be attended by the individuals as well as the administrative authorities. Task 1.b Depending chiefly to the basic framework and applied strategies, measure of company’s performance is rooted in the fact for how much it can comply with its mission statement that manifests the chief goals set by company. When a company spreads its dimension and transforms from medium to large company, it necessarily requires a metamorphosis of its applied strategies while still being firm to its ground framework which assures that company’s dealings will serve the continued purposes that had brought the company to a stage offering such transformation. Thus, a transformation from a medium to a large company requires a long term plan that initiates with the formula strategies of the company to the new offering that company achieves with expansions. Mostly, new demands also require building new strategies for specific cases. It is must to be farsighted and preplanned for such expansion which is only possible if a full plan is preset with the possible options and alternatives for tasks upcoming with forwarding and transforming. Task 2 Pre-construction requirements As the construction at Santiago way requires a small portion with two flats and a pair of semi detached ho use, the whole construction will require some earlier steps that will serve as the base strategy of the constructions. First of all, the documentation and authorization will be required to be locked before the site survey and construction planning. It will include a construction certification and council approving. Once the documentation and legal procedures are over, company may lead to site survey that will include an analysis of current and earlier weather, soil and ground condition. Overall pre-construction will finish up with the following steps: Legal documentation and authorization Earlier to site survey, a construction agreement and council permission will be required. Construction may lead to involve in various steps that involves excavation, refilling, noises and temporary hurdling of pathway that will be clearly mentioned in the documentations. Construction environment Survey History of the construction will be analyzed over the standard patterns. Estimated climate condit ions, quality of soil, underground scab, domestic colony development plans, electric and water supply inlets and outlets will be examined and included in the survey. Site survey Regular visit to the site will involve a number of examinations over the elevation of the site and its foundational depth resting of underground layer. Various elevations and earth crust deformations will be mapped to find out how much space, equipments and labor

Mentorship program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mentorship program - Research Paper Example Mentors eventually act as informal partners with previous mentees. To foster continuity of collaborative relationship, educational and skills training are maintained in surgical ward, while specifically indicating the significance of scheduled meetings per week for peer and administrative evaluation--be reduced to quarterly meetings. The direct people involved, mentors, mentees, administrative and support personnel, consistently work up the conducive work conditions and modify identified weaknesses with the entire training process. In the long run, stable interactions with higher-ranked colleagues promote the work empowerment for struggling novice nurses (Laschinger, Purdy, & Almost, 2007). Extended in appeal, the efficacy of nurse mentorship program in work competency frequently carries the project beyond the targeted program elimination. In a mentorship program by a tertiary care institution, the project continued for more than two years, indicating its success in hurdling resistan ce of social work cultures and psychological challenges of novice nurses (Hurst & Koplin-Baucum, 2005). More importantly, its low cost expenditure gives this the advantage compared to more expensive retention pursuits. In the evaluation pattern by Mills and Mullins (2008), the institutional savings by the mentorship program reached to almost $5.8 million, a large amount that can be deviated to support quality improvements in other clinical fields. In both technical and financial aspects, the mentorship program more than adequately meets the expectation of nurses and administration staff in JVHA. In realistic terms, reasonable revision must be performed for a more dynamic mentorship approach. In the instance where nurses are assigned in other clinical wards, a problem in continuity of interactive mentor-mentee associations may occur. Hence, the pilot mentorship program must manifest a more universal approach during education and skills enhancement training, consistently depending on the area of clinical expertise required. Addressing the break in mentorship relationship, long-term social and professional interaction in the surgical ward assures that work satisfaction is met and retention is improved. Project Data Dissemination and Feedback In a given utilization project, it is important to relate the results to key institutional groups. Aside from meeting the objects of the project, the applicability of the research goals may serve as solid foundation in entirely resolving the expensive and taxing problem on low retention rates of nurses in clinical areas, even with newly graduate nurses. In this paper, two practical methods can be performed to aptly communicate the preliminary initiation and concluding outcomes of the project--during annual staff meeting and circulating institutional newsletters. With annual staff meeting, the whole nursing personnel gather together to discuss things related with their practice as professionals, airings discrepancies and areas of improvements. Thus, this is the ideal time for the team involved in the mentorship program to inform them on the outline of the project, zeroing on outcomes

English A1 HL IB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English A1 HL IB - Essay Example This contrast is a direct placement of Iago as the villain of the story since biblical tradition accepts the representation of Satan as something he is not. The audience of the time would have clearly understood the idea that by presenting himself as something different Iago has plans in place to act as the villain of the story and will bring harm to other characters. Another contrast which is made evident in the first scene is the contrast between Iago and Cassio. Iago compares himself with the present lieutenant and shows that he is more battle ready while Cassio is nothing more than a womanizing mathematician who can not be expected to hold his own in any battle. Additionally, Iago says that he has proven himself to the chiefs of the city several times over while Cassio has done nothing which is worthy of praise. A particularly strange comparison is made by Iago concerning the features of Desdemona and Othello when he calls them a white ewe and an old black ram respectively. This comparison works on several levels since Iago is accusing both the lovers of bestiality, he is comparing Othello’s old age with Desdemona’s young age and finally, he is comparing their colors to show the difference races these individuals belong to. All three are negative comparisons and serve to only heighten the indignation Brabantio feels at the disappearance of his daughter. In scene 2, there is an interesting comparison between Othello and Iago. When Brabantio and his men are approaching Iago and Othello, Iago asks Othello to go into the shadow yet he refuses. This shows the character of Othello that he believes he has done nothing wrong in marrying the person he loves. On the other hand, the character of Iago prefers to remain in the shadows and casts doubts as well as creates schemes while being in the shadows. When Brabantio confronts Othello, he makes several comparisons between Othello and Desdemona

Leadership, A good leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership, A good leader - Essay Example The history of leadership can be traced back to two phases of theories, the classic theories (before 1938) and the contemporary theories (after 1938). A leader plays a very important role in binding a team together and guiding them through the phases of problems and solving them, as well. A good leader is one, who can maintain his poise and dignity, level-headedness and expertise; and yet, be a part of the team and lead them. He possesses a clear vision and very often, discusses things out with his team mates. The article discusses these various theories that have emerged through the years, which all emphasize different leadership styles. "Superior leaders get things done with very little motion. They impart instruction not through many words, but through a few deeds. They keep informed about everything but interfere hardly at all. They are catalysts, and though things would not get done as well if they were not there, when they succeed they take no credit. And, because they take no credit, credit never leaves them," said Lao Tzu There exist numerous types of leaders---Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Participative, Laissez Faire and Paternalistic. Each of these kinds is distinctive and clear-cut in terms of its approach and the general perception. Autocratic leadership is characterised by close supervision, wherein the leader dons the most important role. The authoritarian gives clear and precise directions; and therefore assumes the top stop with authority. He or she offers no room for employee initiative or independent thoughts. There exists no room for discussions and sharing of ideas, since it is all one-sided. Employees do not participate in decision making and are more like obedient executioners of the plan of action imposed by the leader. In other words, the leader is the most important person, without whom the team crumbles into shambles. He or she becomes the be-all of the team and often is perceived as the face of the entire team. This is very often perceived as the least effective method of motivation, due to the non-participatory element in this form of leadership. The next form of leadership is the Bureaucratic form of leadership. This form of leadership focuses on the institution's rules and policies. It is more or less a statutory form of leadership, that follows theoretical principles with adherence. There exists an apprehension to take chances and management is done "by the book". There are no departures from the rules that are generally accepted. Attempts at creativity of thinking out of the box is something that is not synonymous with this kinds of leadership, more so because of the sheer dedication to rules and book material.

Consumer and Market Analysis for Kick Covers Essay

Consumer and Market Analysis for Kick Covers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that for a product to be successful, the creators should understand the market in depth. Research should be carried out to find: out how much need is there for the product, and the ability of the consumers to purchase it. The creators of a product also have to ensure they communicate, in its entirety, the value of the product to the target consumer to boost sales. Maslow, a psychologist, studied human behavior and the various factors that motivated them. He proposed a model that classified the needs into five different groups. These groups were classified in order of which ones were most likely to be considered first. The hierarchy was such that an individual could not move to another level of need without satisfying the lower level ones. He grouped the needs as physiological needs, security and safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem and self-respect and self-actualization. The first four levels of needs are the most fundamental and a re referred to as ‘deficiency needs’. One cannot move to the level of self-actualization without having satisfied the ‘deficiency needs’. Maslow came up with the term ‘metamotivation’ for those people who went past the level of basic needs. These needs could occur at any point in an individual’s life. Maslow recognized this and proposed the model as a general order. The lack satisfaction of these needs could lead to a person being anxious or tense depending on their urgency

An Op-ed assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Op-ed - Assignment Example I guess that the organization that works to improve women`s health of all classes and social levels and which attracts public must be responsible when making such controversial decisions and must give report to the public. It seems to me that it would me reasonable to find out the opinion of donators and then make such drastic changes. The problem of breast cancer is familiar to me as I support a person who is fighting with this horrible disease. She is my sister whose diagnosis became a shock for the entire family as she was raising to little kids herself at that moment. When I got involved into daily care about my sister I realized how much could have been done if the screening had been conducted earlier and the tumor had been detected earlier. But we lived in the area where there was no opportunity to receive decent medical consultation or at least reliable information. My sister raised two daughters herself and the threat that someday they can become victims of this horrible disease pushed me to make some real changes. And instead of thinking about alternative ways of events for our family I have decided to make material contribution to the solution of the problem. So all I want to say is that for the people who deal closely with cancer and who made efforts to change something being only ordinary citizens such global changes proved that it is impossible to rely on some funds like these, unfortunately. The mission of Planned Parenthood was in sync and in alignment with the mission of Komen- they aimed to provide all the women with equal opportunities for effective treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer. It is well-known that prevention and timely detection is as important as treatment in case of breast cancer. The contribution of Planned Parenthood was obvious and fundamental- it helped to reach the least protected layers of American population: immigrants, those living in remote village areas.

The Regulatory State and the Mixed Economy in the Golden Age of 19th Research Paper

The Regulatory State and the Mixed Economy in the Golden Age of 19th Century American Legal History - Research Paper Example This paper is going to talk about the American legal history in terms of regulating commerce while referring to landmark decisions that reshaped it (Hale 56). In 1824, the United States Supreme Court came up with a decision that states could interfere with any power of the Congress in the regulation of interstate commerce. This was a legislative enactment put forward to hinder states from interfering with the government policies affecting all states. At around the same time, the state of New York had decided to authorize steamboat operation in its water run by them. This was an act of monopoly and was upheld by the state chancery court. It is then that the Supreme Court ruled out that competing steamboat operators had to be protected by the terms put forward by possessing federal license requiring them to engage in that trade along the coast region. That decision was a major lead by the government in controlling state commerce and removing monopoly control by individual states (Catte rall & Henry 12). Maryland in 1819 enacted a statute that imposed tax on all existing banks that operated in Maryland and not chartered by the state. The statute stated that all such existing banks were prohibited from issuing notes upon stamped paper which was issued by the state. Also, the statute set forth a given fee that was supposed to be paid for the paper plus it established penalties for violating it. Maryland came with these policies in order to govern commerce within its own state (Richard 23). The Second Bank of the United States became established in 1816 following an act of congress (Catterall & Henry 15). McCulloch, a cashier at the Bank of the United States in Baltimore branch decided one time to issue bank notes which did not comply to Maryland law. Hence, Maryland sued McCulloch for not paying taxes due according to Maryland statute and McCulloch contested for the constitutionality of that given act (Richard 23). From the case, it was found out that the Congress ha d the power under the formed constitution to incorporate a given bank pursuant according to Article 1 section 8. In addition, it was found out from the ruling that the State of Maryland did not have the necessary power to tax a given institution that was created by the Congress according to the formed constitution. The decision by the Supreme Court in favor of McCulloch after he appealed to them proved that the Commerce clause was powerful in making such decision (Hale 86). In as much as Maryland had some rights in imposing laws in its own state, it proved that the Congress also had some powers in influencing some major decisions in the Court system. Hence, the government in place though usually limited in its power, but got supreme authority when it comes to issues of implementing laws that had been made under the constitution. There is basically nothing in the constitution that excludes implied or incidental powers. The government at the end usually thrives to remain legitimate in the way it handles issues that are within the constitution scope. Therefore, the power of establishing a given corporation is not usually a distinct sovereign power of a given government, but indicates that the means for carrying into effects some other powers that are sovereign. The government is obliged to exercise its

Personal exercise program Essay Example for Free

Personal exercise program Essay The majority of my results were in the area of good or average, this majority is one of 72%. As a whole I am fairly happy with these results, as there is room for improvement all over. The test, in which I scored poorly in such as the sergeant jump, press-ups and chin-ups, I fully expected. This was due to the reason that knowing with in my self that my body was not up to the standards of other in my group or age. These tests are ones in which I hope to improve in over the next five weeks of my training. As these are key areas to my game which will be mentioned further on in this piece of work. However there are some good points in my results. These are they tests which I scored good and excellent in, such as sit ups and 30meter sprint. These as are some of the results, which I am hopping to maintain through out the 5 weeks and the retest. I have also chosen to ignore three results. Theses are balance, dynamic hand strength left and right. I have chosen to ignore these results, as I do not fell that they can benefit me in any way to my chosen sport. Overall there is a lot of room for improvement Health and skill related components of fitness: Health factors: These health related factors are physiologically based and rely on the performers ability to meet the physical demands of the activity Speed: Speed can be defined as: The ability to put body parts into motion quickly, or the maximum rate that a person can move over a specific distance To test speed we carried out the following test. Place 2 cones 30m apart from each other. At a running start, run as fast as possible between the two cones whilst a person times you. This test is valid as it tests a persons speed over a certain distance. This single periodisation year can be further broken down into further stages or cycles. Macrocycles last from 4 to 6 weeks, mesocycles about 2weeks and microcycles 1 week. Each cycle would be in relation to current levels of skill and fitness and would prepare for a specific competitive peak. This in my case would be the start of a football season. This is known as the competitive period and is during the months of Augusts to May. Now I have just done the pre season training as such which is the preparatory period. I will do a 5-week macrocycle specifically to improve my upper and lower body strength as well as aerobic capacity. There will not be many seasonal factors that will hinder my progress as I am training indoors which there fore manes I can control the temperature and weather. Fitness requirements needed for my specific sport and position: My sport is football, and position is central midfield. In the game of football there are many different requirements that performer needs to do well in the sport. The overall aim of this piece of work is to single out the key requirements which are needed and improve on them to enhance my performance. Below I have outlined the key requirements: Health related: Strength: Strength in both the upper part of the body and lower part of the body is needed for a central midfielder. For instance leg power is needed to allow the performer to pass the pass long distances and to shoot from long range as thats is where the most of there opportunities will come from due to the position they occupy. Upper body strength is needed to keep other players from getting the ball of you and being strong in tackles. Flexibility: This helps a midfielder hugely, as they must be able to turn and move or twist with a degree of easy and simplicity. Aerobic capacity: This may also be known as VO2 max, this plays a vital role. Vo2 max is the ability to take on oxygen during exercise, allowing for the performer to participate in prolonged periods of continuos submaximual activities, which is important to a midfielders game. Body composition: This is important because, as people start to carry more body fat they can become over weigh. This will lead to health problems as the additional weight puts strain on the hearts and cardiovascular system, which can cause cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. Being over weight will also hinder your performance as a central midfield player, as you will tire easier and quicker and happier your speed in which u may move around the pitch. Skill related: Speed: The game of football has develops into a much faster game, and it is carrying on in this trend. Speed is important for a central midfielder, as it is important that a player is able to track an opponents run, carry the ball at high speeds up and down the field, and generally to keep up with the pace of the ball. It is important for a performer in this position to compete at a high standard for a period of 90min (or duration of match). Cardio-vascular endurance is also important in the game of football as it is a continuos game. Co-ordination: This is the process involved in the reception of the sensory info, and the response of the organism. It is controlled by the regions of the brain, which deal with a specific function and is carried out by the nervous system. Co-ordination effects the way u performs in many ways as the player must be able to spot many players both opposition and own team-mates. Foot and eye co-ordination is also needed for obvious reasons are football you need to have good foot and eye co-ordination to be a good player. Agility: This is a combination of speed and co-ordination giving you a change of direction and body position at speed. This is vital for a central midfielder as it allows the performer to change direction and body position at speeds at which the game might be moving. This was my third session and overall I can say it well. Again I found moving from exercise machine to another quick, as I am getting use to how to use the machines and the positions at which they are situated in the gym. As you can see from the pervious page I made a lot of changes to this session as I found session 2 not very challenging. However I found this session a lot more effective. After the session had finished I felt that I was really worked to my full potential and really gained something from it. The changes were no major shock to my body though but as mentioned I did feel the effects of the changes. This is one of the main reasons why no changes will be made to my next session, due to the fact that I do not think my current level of fitness is ready in relation to changes from this session, and will not make any changes. I will hopefully feel ready to make changes after my next session (session 4). I did find though that once I had finished my aerobic work out and was ready to move on from this to the weight training I found myself needing to take water on board, as I was thirsty. This was not a planned change from session 2 but from now I feel it necessary to take water on board in-between the to training. Changes for session 4: 1. Intake of water when moving from cross trainer to Gastrocnmius press As mentioned before no changes were made to the sessions as such, because I felt the session worked me to my full potential and my current fitness levels would be ready for any to a change. You may argue that by not changing anything that I will not improve, but taking into account the principle of training progression which should be gradual, and reflect my current fitness levels. And too much progression in a short space of time could cause injury, and as many changes were made to session 3 from session 2, I feel this is the correct decision.