Hrm 352

Question 1 0 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they can be more cost effective Question 2 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 3 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 4 0 out of 1 points The method of providing a variety of work experiences to broaden the knowledge and understanding required to manage more effectively is known as: Answer Selected Answer: individual development. Question 5 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 7 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 8 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 9 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: appraisal and technical Question 1 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 2 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the absence of well-defined job performance criteria. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 5 1 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: practical and theoretical Question 6 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Learning curves show: Answer Selected Answer: that performance plateaus are natural and are usually followed by spontaneous recovery Question 8 1 out of 1 points To implement a successful diversity training program, managers should do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: rely upon existing training programs that have worked for other companies. Question 9 0 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: establish the baseline standard against which training effectiveness can be measured Question 10 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: hey replace conventional learning experiences Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:37:25 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which type of training allows students to get real-world experience in organizations while still receiving college credit? Answer Selected Answer: internships Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 3 1 out of 1 points The four phases of a systems approach to training are: Answer Selected Answer: needs assessment, program design, program implementation, and evaluation. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 0 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, train, perform, evaluate Question 6 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they replace conventional learning experiences Question 7 1 out of 1 points Goal setting: Answer Selected Answer: sets a road map for the training course, objectives, and learning points Question 8 1 out of 1 points All of the following are characteristics of successful trainers except: Answer Selected Answer: being experimental. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Determining whether or not performance is acceptable and studying the characteristics of individuals and groups that will be placed in the training environment are known as: Answer Selected Answer: group and individual analysis. Question 10 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 1 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 2 1 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, do, check, act Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: poor training skills of supervisors. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 out of 1 points The principle of learning that is being emphasized by performing the same task over and over is: Answer Selected Answer: practice and repetition. Question 6 1 out of 1 points ___________ training allows for the maximum number of employees to by handled by the minimum number of instructors Answer Selected Answer: classroom instruction Question 7 1 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: helps determine whether improvements were made as the result of training or some other factor Question 8 1 out of 1 points This training method consists of having the trainee assume the attitudes and behavior of others. Answer Selected Answer: role playing Question 9 0 out of 1 points The desired outcomes of training programs are formally stated as: Answer Selected Answer: learning objectives. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Periods in learning situations when progress does not occur because of either reduced motivation or ineffective methods of task performance are called: Answer Selected Answer: plateaus. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:43:30 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the frequency of overtime. Question 2 0 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: lateral move. Question 3 0 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: establish succession plans Question 4 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: the career network. Question 5 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: positions in service industries. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: management development program. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: giving an increased understanding of the organization. Question 8 1 out of 1 points The lines of advancement for an individual within an organization are known as: Answer Selected Answer: career paths. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goals. Question 1 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: a mentoring network. Question 2 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a popular method that managers use to help employees identify their potential and the strength of their interests? Answer Selected Answer: informal counseling Question 5 1 out of 1 points The three principal criteria for determining promotions are: Answer Selected Answer: merit, seniority, and potential. Question 6 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: number of hours worked each week. Question 7 1 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: create employee's promotion plan Question 8 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: nonmanagement positions. Question 9 0 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: a promotion policy. Question 10 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:50:37 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: pre-career. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The advancement of women in management: Answer Selected Answer: is likely to be helped by the advancement of younger men because of their more progressive attitudes toward women. Question 5 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 7 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Question 8 1 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: transfer. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: irregularity in working hours. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:53:32 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 2 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: early career. Question 3 out of 1 points Over the past decade, the percentage of women in all management positions has increased to slightly over ____________ percent. Answer Selected Answer: 35 Question 4 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: providing greater retention of valued employees. Question 6 1 out of 1 points Outplacement services are: Answer Selected Answer: designed to help terminated employees find a job elsewhere. Question 7 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: career advancement program. Question 8 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: opportunities. Question 10 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 1 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 3 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: ndividuals tend to maintain a certain level of performance over time. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 6 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 7 0 out of 1 points When the manager and the employee jointly establish future performance goals for each employee, which appraisal source is useful? Answer Selected Answer: team appraisal Question 8 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: documenting personnel decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: mixed-standard scale Question 10 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 1 1 out of 1 points If a performance standard is found to be stable or consistent over time, it is said to be: Answer Selected Answer: reliable. Question 2 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: trait method Question 3 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 4 1 out of 1 points TQM and team appraisal are complementary because: Answer Selected Answer: both focus on performance as a whole, rather than on the individual Question 5 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: determining promotion candidates Question 6 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: factors outside the employee's control can influence performance. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and peer performance appraisals. Question 8 1 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: ontrast error. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 10 0 out of 1 points High potential for rating errors, but inexpensive to develop and use characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 1 0 out of 1 points Which method of performance appraisal requires managers to place a certain percentage of employees into various performance categories? Answer Selected Answer: percent method Question 2 0 out of 1 points The appraisal system based on the concept that learning helps organizations improve their internal processes and allows individuals to see how their performance ties in with the firm is: Answer Selected Answer: management by objectives Question 3 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goal statements must be accompanied by descriptions of how they will be accomplished. Question 4 1 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and customer performance appraisals. Question 5 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: contrast error. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 8 1 out of 1 points In most instances, who is in the best position to perform the function of appraising an employee's performance? Answer Selected Answer: the employee's supervisor Question 9 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Sunday, November 18, 2012 9:06:30 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that salespeople receive are based solely on sales revenue to the exclusion of other important factors, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: riterion deficiency. Question 2 0 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that delivery drivers receive are partially influenced by the fact that some drivers operate in areas where there are major traffic problems while others operate in areas with few traffic problems, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: rater bias. Question 3 1 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: providing performance feedback Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 5 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A performance-rating error in which the appraiser tends to give employees either unusually high or unusually low ratings is referred to as a: Answer Selected Answer: halo error Question 7 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Question 8 1 out of 1 points Performance appraisals must meet legal requirements because: Answer Selected Answer: they are used as a basis for HRM actions and decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: a specific time must be set when goals are to be reviewed and evaluated. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 1 1 out of 1 points Positive discipline is different from progressive discipline in that it is based on a â€Å"problem-solving† approach to discipline. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 2 0 out of 1 points Decision-making leave is typically paid leave, and eliminates the negative effects of loss of pay. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 3 1 out of 1 points In order to be effective, employee discipline must take place as soon as possible after the problem is verified. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 4 1 out of 1 points One of the goals of discipline is that it should be seen as training that molds and strengthens the desirable conduct – or corrects undesirable conduct – and develops self-control. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 5 1 out of 1 points It is important when applying either progressive or positive discipline, to maintain complete records of each step of the procedure. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 6 1 out of 1 points One of the major reasons for investigative interviews is to establish the facts surrounding an employee's offense. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 7 0 out of 1 points Documentation of employee misconduct includes stating the improvement expected by the employer. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 8 1 out of 1 points Progressive discipline results from using positive reinforcement instead of punishment. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 9 1 out of 1 points A major responsibility of the HR department is to develop, and to have top management approve, its disciplinary policies and procedures. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 10 1 out of 1 points Management's failure to communicate rules to employees is one of the major reasons for reversing disciplinary action. Answer Selected Answer: True

Manifest Destiny Essay

Manifest Destiny was a term created in 1845 by John L. O’Sullivan in a magazine article. It states that America was destined by God to move west and spread the Country from coast to coast. However, Manifest Destiny affected Native Americans lives in many ways; it moved their home, changed their way of life, and hurt their culture. Native Americans were forced onto Reservations on the West-Side of the Mississippi River. â€Å"A long time ago this land belonged to our fathers; but when I go up to the river I see camps of soldiers here on its bank. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo; and when I see that, my heart feels like bursting; I feel sorry. †(Santana, Chief of the Kiowas, 1867) This was a drastic change to the Native Americans because they were used to living in the environment prior to having other people move in. On the reservation, they were not able to hunt buffalo or able to roam around as they did before. Now that they lived on the reservation they also lost their spiritual ties to the land. Look more:  manifest consequences essay And when they were moved on to the Reservations, their whole life changed. The way the Native Americans used to live also changed when they were moved, they had to completely start life over and try to rebuild their nation. â€Å"In 1889, only 1,091 buffalos were left in North America. The rapid decrease in buffalo started in the 1870’s, and it was because of white hunters who moved west, railroads being built, and the introduction of European livestock diseases. Buffalo population graph from National Geographic, November 1994) This was a big change for Plains Indians, who used buffalos for many products and food, because there wasn’t enough Buffalo for them to hunt. Also with the decrease of buffalo the Indians had to change what they used to survive. And when their lives changed, it hurt their culture. Their culture also was hurt drastically because they had to be able to modernize and forget their old way of life to adapt to their new home and environment. The Indians here I find are not very unlike white people. †(Document B) The Indians were willing to work for what they have, and also learned trades to help them to do business with the whites. They tended to be able to learn trades easily, which caused a rapid advancement in mechanism. This in return began to modernize them, which started to corrode their culture and their language. Also their new environment affected their culture because they had to change things they did when performing rituals. The Native Americans homes were moved, their life was changed, and their culture was hurt by Manifest Destiny; which swept through America in the 1800s. All of these were just a few key points where Manifest Destiny affected Native Americans negatively. Today, Indians are still like this; they are still on the Reservations they were given back in the 1800s, which means their land that was once theirs was never returned to them; their living in poverty because they grew up with the bare minimum; and their culture is fading, since they speak english to fit in with the rest of the United States.

Choose any two of the following questions and submit a report on your Essay

Choose any two of the following questions and submit a report on your findings with special reference to G20 summit - Essay Example Some of the drivers that positively influence globalization include the growth of industrialization in other countries of the world which reduces costs, tariff and working capital. Decreasing government trade barriers have increased foreign direct investments much faster than the world outputs (Suk, Seung and Kenneth 2006). For these reasons major corporations are engaged in expansionary activities to outsource their operations abroad. For example Ford is an American based company. It is one of the big three motor companies in the US and used to be the source of livelihood for a significant portion of the US population. However, with the increase in global financing opportunities, Ford has diversified its products to sell its motor vehicles in Europe and Asia. As Europe has opened its consumer markets to the world Ford has capitalized on the ready market to sell its completely assembled cars in collaboration with local companies. However, as the global finance environment in parts of Asia improved and opened up to Western investors, Ford has gradually shifted production of automobiles in low cost country like in China. Investment in China not only reduces cost of operations and productions Global financing has thus become an important source for world trade and incentive for foreign investment as it allows multinational companies to increase shareholders wealth. However, there are risks associated with global investing. Unlike local investment, global investment is subject to political, financial and regulatory risks. In countries where political turmoil is apparent like those in France, India, China and Indonesia, investment in these countries pose great threats to exchange controls, confiscation of assets and changing corporate policies. Similarly, financial risks include the fluctuating exchange rates, tax laws, interest rates and inflation rates as well as balance of payments. Legal risks like differences in legal system, overlapping jurisdiction and

Informative diversity presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative diversity presentation - Essay Example Instead, King Abdullah has instituted what has become known as a Council of Advisors. This council of advisors helps to provide the monarch with useful information and specific policy ideas with regards to what direction the kingdom should proceed with respect to development of its resources and modernization. Furthermore, each of the council of advisors has a specific area of specialization that allows him to speak to the needs of the nation. For instance, one member of the council of advisors may have a specialization in trade and economics whereas another council advisor might have a specialization in health. In this way, the monarch is able to hear and contemplate each of the ways in which the council can advise him with regards to the best future direction for the country. As one might expect, the vast oil wealth that Saudi Arabia benefits from ha allowed the royal family to invest heavily in the infrastructure that the country relies on. These investments have begun since the early 1960s and have focused on diverse elements of societal renewal to include paving thousands of kilometers of the nation’s roads, improving the secondary educational system, and providing funding to students who would like to study aboard. Furthermore, some of these 5 year plans have focused on building a better healthcare system so that the entire nation can benefit from the wealth that the oil resources have brought. In this way, the kingdom has reinvested much of the oil wealth in visually observable ways so that the betterment of society is directly affected. (In this way, many fundamental differences exist between the two countries. As a result of the difference in culture, the people of this nation also have their own particular view of the society in which they live as compared with the rest of the world. Although this essay has focused on the dissimilarities that exist between Saudi Arabia and the United States, many

Case Study eassy on Weight Watcher INC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study eassy on Weight Watcher INC - Essay Example The main competitors of Weight Watcher are Nutrisystem, Jenny Craig and eDiets. According to the report the weight management industry came to light in the late 1990s., from 2006 onwards there is a promising upwards trend in the world diet control market. Generally there are two distinct kinds of strategies associated with the diet control industry, one is the strategy for long term growth of the organization and the second one is retention of the customer base to maintain their involvement . During the span of last 20 years, there is a continuous trend of the growth in the population. With the growing trend of population obesity as well as overweight also increased during this time span. The importance of the physical exercise , awareness of health benefit , loosing weight all these parameters now have a huge demand in the world population. So along with the time, the weight management industry is also growing along with the time. But in the recent time, there are also some negative impact in the weight management industry. According to the report, the industry rose to $ 59.7 billion in the year 2009 which was only about 2% growth YOY. But it was failing to close in with historical 6% growth rate. (Taber et.al, 2010, p. 8). There are also different challenges associated with the growth of weight watchers. Being one of the leading organizations in the market it is now facing a tough competition from others, moreover it is also facing a challenge to develop a forward focus diet plan for the 21st century. According to this report, during the year 2011, Weight Watchers tried to represent themselves in the markets of USA and abroad. Their focus also shifted from women centric to cover all the gender across the society, launching new and innovated diet program to capture the market potential. General Factors and Industry Environments that Affect Weight Watcher’s Choice of Strategy The weight Watcher’s business strategy is based on different parameters like the any top organization. Being a top performing company in this sector their strategy was also very up to date and for a long span of time they remain the sole dominant force in this field. To decide on the strategy, they rely on following points. They believe in giving to the customer what they want not what they need, they have designed their strategy based on marketing the feelings of loosing weight not the product. Different factors like creating exclusive products for different age groups, different weight groups. At the very beginning the main focus of the organization was to target the women to reduce and maintain their weight as the obesity was one of the key disease in the country. To reach up to the maximum number of people, they have designed online course material as well as several live campaigns in different places to ensure that they can reach up to the every corner of the society for every class. General factors which are associated with their strategy are like giving their customer what they want in a scientific and standard way so that customer remains interested in their services. Their customer centric approach increased the customer base drastically. The general factors and the environment related to the strategy of the organization is governed by porter’s five force model. Hill and Jones (2010), in their analysis mentioned Porter’

Outline on the benefits of distance learning Essay

Outline on the benefits of distance learning - Essay Example The second main topic was to present a look at distance learning from the standpoint of being independent, but not isolated. It was meant to provide a glimpse of its structure. The third main topic was in reference to the cost. This is often a major obstacle to education and I wanted to end the presentation with it. By this point they will have gotten an interest in distance learning and it was a natural next question to answer. I concluded by summarizing the main topics and highlighting the most relevant issues. I then closed by indirectly referring back to the Twain quote. This will leave the audience back on familiar ground, comfortable with the presentation, and will smooth the transition to a question and answer period. Taylor, T. H., Parker III, G. D., & Tebeaux, E. (2001). Confronting cost and pricing issues in distance education. Educause Quarterly, 16-23. Retrieved October 27, 2006, from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0131.pdf

API 14C Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

API 14C - Research Paper Example Since the process in the petroleum industry involves various tasks, the need for safety systems becomes all the more important. Hence a proper practice is required to provide the basic safety systems. Offshore production is a herculean task and the components used in this process must be guaranteed as safe. This is done to make sure that the offshore production is carried on without any problems. This report aims at providing various methods that determines the safety requirements that are essential to protect the offshore production components. These process components must be protected in order to form a complete system. The safety system is developed individually for each component and this ensures that each and every component in the production environment is safe. Once the modules are developed for all the components of the system, they are integrated to form a complete safety system. This system contains modules that operate on individual components in a hassle free manner. (Wallace, 1995).The development of safety system does not end with the process of creating components. Instead the process consists of creating documents, verification of components and maintenance of the developed modules. To accomplish this task, a similar method is executed in all the offshore production platforms. A sample system is defined to test the proposed system. This ensures that the developed system is free from errors. This paper concentrates on developing a recommendation that provides a safe environment in the offshore production. The paper provides guidelines as to how a safety system must be developed, tested, analyzed and maintained. Safety systems are used in most of the industries to ensure that the developed systems and products are in a safe environment. (Lyons, 2005).These safety systems are often developed by a third party vendor who prepares and implements it in the industries. This does

Wabashiki river report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wabashiki river report - Essay Example The materials required for testing in the field included a pencil or pen, notebook, sunscreen, bug repellant, water bottle, field appropriate clothing, weather appropriate clothing and closed shoes for walking in the dumpy area. The sampling strategies used in the field involved stratified random sample where the test objects were categorized into groups and various test conducted on them. The test conducted on the different soils types were aimed at determining the presence of gases like nitrogen and other minerals like potassium and phosphorus in the soil. These samples were taken from different areas like Taken at the top of a hill on the path near the parking lot. Closest to the parking lot, Further down the hill that sample one was taken, down the levi path. Halfway between the parking lot and sharp bend in the path and down past the storm drains on the levi near where the storm drains empty. Moreover, the bottles were used to carry other samples which were tested in the classro om using laboratory apparatus. The results obtained from determining the soil color, soil texture and the acidity or alkalinity of the soil were as follows; the soils texture of the samples tested revealed that the soil was sandy clay because of the sizes of particles of the samples. This sample was collected in an area which was surrounded by trees, small rocks and old grass. The second sample revealed that the soil was clay loam as the soil color value was three. There was presence of soil color and soil chroma, moreover, the Ph was seven. This sample was taken from the lake side and its characteristics were sandy and small rocks. Silty Clay was discovered to posses soil pH between three to four, contained minerals like phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium value at pH value of seven. The experiment proved successful as I established the soil texture, soil Ph, soil acidity

Cross cultural issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cross cultural issues - Essay Example Cultural diversity exists between the United States and Europe. Citizens of the two countries differ in culture, beliefs, faith practices and economic inclination. These differences make business management practices in various parts and organizations different. U.S’s proven management systems and practices may not work appropriately in Europe. For instance, a U.S based Multinational Corporation; the effectiveness of her management control system and practices would evidently differ from one country to another or even from one branch with diverse cultural inclination to another in the same country. Therefore, our study intends to compare cultural inclinations of the two countries; the U.S and Europe and understand the implications of the differences to the expansion of a U.S based organization intending to establish a branch in Europe by purchasing an already existing firm in the same line of production. Global trade has tremendously increased in the recent past. This has probed the multinational corporations or individuals who intend to venture into the international trade to learn about international business. Therefore, it is very important to learn and understand the different cultures of the world before enrolling in doing business in foreign countries. This would reduce the risks involved in business transactions. Understanding other countries’ negotiation tactics, greetings, communication styles, body language, meeting and dress, and social events are keys to have good business relationships with other partner countries. For instance, the United States and Europe are nations that regularly interact in business relations. Although they share similarities, the two countries share a lot of differences. In the United States, the first impression matters a lot and is basic to the success of every business relationship. The Americans appreciate eye contacts and a firm hand shake with business partners (Bowie, n.d, p.1-12). As a matter of

Psychosocial Interventions With Psychosis Essay

Psychosocial Interventions With Psychosis - Essay Example A wide array of nervous system stressors can result in a psychotic reaction both at organic as well as functional level. However, the first line treatment for psychosis is generally associated with the administration of antipsychotic drugs and in some cases hospitalization, but there is increasing research evidence that suggests cognitive therapy; family therapy can be effective in the management of psychotic symptoms. This paper critically reviews on psychological intervention with patients affected by serious and prolonged mental disorders and the strengths and weaknesses associated with such types of therapeutic interventions. Psychosis is a mental state defining a group of mental disorders come into one singe head in psychiatry and it is characterized by certain common fundamental factors such as hallucinations or sensation of non-existent objects or phenomenon; delusions or possessing beliefs not based on reality; thought insertion, withdrawal, thought blocking, thought broadcasting lack of insight or being unable to understand the wrongs in the thinking or activity patterns. However, there are number of controversies associated with the psychiatric classification of psychosis, but usually the most common disorders come under the general title of psychoses are as follows: - Schizophrenia - Schizoaffective disorder - Maniac Depression (Bipolar Disorder) - Mania - Delusion (Paranoid) Disorder - Psychotic Depression Although these disorders differ in their symptoms but they consist of a common parameter that the individual suffering from any of the disease does not experience reality as most of the other people in general. Sample Case Study The patient is a female of 18 years doing graduation in a co-education college. She was brought to the clinic by her mother and sister for lack of sleep, verbal and physical aggressiveness, suspicion that the male faculty members in her college are writing love letters to her and making obscene gestures during the lecture and the fear of becoming a male. She had the habit of peeping into the bathroom when her mother takes bath. Sometimes she blamed her mother of appearing nude before her. Her elder sister and elder brother had innocuous relationship. She did not have any intimate relationship with the member of the same sex. The family disapproved of her friendship with boys of questionable character. Therapeutic Strategies Suggested The patient mentioned in the case study is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. In the initial phase of the treatment, she was suggested to undergo neuroleptic pharmacotherapy especially antipsychotic drugs. The medication has been found to be effectual in treating the 'positive symptoms' of the disease, the treatment of 'negative symptoms' has not very yet found to be very successful. Later on she was suggested to undergo psychotherapeutic interventions like reality-oriented individual therapy so that she could be able to cope up with stressful thoughts and events encountered which eventually reduce the risk for relapse, cognitive-behavioural approach helps in monitoring and changing the negative patterns of thoughts and behaviours in ways to make her able to regulate irrational thoughts

High School and Education Essay Example for Free

High School and Education Essay 1a) Cultural Deprivation -Intellectual Development: development of thinking and reasoning skills. Theorists would argue that many WC homes lack educational books, toys and activities that would help stimulate a child’s intellectual development. Douglas- WC pupils scored lower on test of ability, as their parents are less likely to support their children’s intellectual development. Bernstein and Young- mothers choose toys that influence intellectual development. Criticism: WC may not be able to afford these toys etc. -Language: children fail to develop necessary language skills and grow up incapable of abstract thinking and unable to use language to explain, describe, enquire and compare. Restricted Elaborated code; Bernstein. MC have an advantage as the elaborated code is used by teachers, text books and exams. Also MC pupils are already fluent speakers (socialisation) so they ‘feel at home’ in school and are more likely to succeed. Criticism: Bernstein describes WC speech inadequate. -Attitudes and Values: Parents attitudes and values are a key factor affecting educational achievement. Douglas- WC parents place less value on education. Feinstein- the lack of interest is more important than financial hardship or factors within school. Many WC subcultures have different goals, beliefs, attitudes and values from the rest of society. Hyman- WC subculture is a self-imposed barrier to educational success. Sugerman- Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate Gratification, Present-time Orientation. WC children internalise the beliefs and values of their subculture through the socialisation process meaning under-achievement. -Compensatory Education: Policy designed to tackle the problem of CD by providing extra resources to school and communities in deprived areas. E.g. Sure Start, Education Action Zones etc. Criticism: Don’t see the real cause of under-achievement (poverty and material deprivation). -Criticisms: Keddie; CD is a myth and blames victims. A child cannot be deprived of their own culture they are just culturally different. Troyna and Williams; teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’ where MC speech is highest. Blackstone and Mortimore; parents attend fewer parent evenings as they may work longer hours/less regular hours or put off by school’s MC atmosphere. Also may not help their children’s progress as they lack the knowledge. -Studies show that WC children are more likely to leave school from the age of 16 and are less likely to go on to sixth form and university. Also working-class children are more likely to start school unable to read, and are more likely to fall behind in reading, writing and number skills. 1b) Material Deprivation -Referred to poverty and lack of material necessities (housing/income). -Stats; 32% of WC students were considering moving out of the family home to attend university. 90% of failing schools are in deprived areas. 33% of those receiving free school meals got 5 or more A*-C GCSE grades. 90% of ‘failing’ schools are located in deprived areas. -Housing- overcrowded housing means less space to do work, play, sleep etc, and greater risk of accidents. -Diet and health- lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition - weaker immune system - lowering children’s energy levels - get ill easier (poor attendance at school). WC children are more likely to have behavioural or emotional problems. -Financial Support- WC children lack equipment and miss out on school trips. They also make do with hand-me-downs (results in being stigmatised/bullied). Children living in poverty take on jobs (baby sitting, cleaning, paper rounds) which has a negative impact on their school work. Also very few go on to university. The government has tried to tackle this problem, e.g. EMA, raising the school leaving age and providing free-school meals. -Criticisms: Ignores internal factors and cultural deprivation. 1c) Cultural Capital -Bourdieu suggested MC culture is as valuable in educational terms as economic capital. The forms of knowledge, values, ways of interacting and communicating ideas that MC children possess are developed further and rewarded by the education system (qualifications).WC have a lack of cultural capital which leads to exam failure. They also ‘get the message’ that education isn’t meant for them thus they truant/leave school early/provide no effort. -Education, economic and cultural capital can be converted into one another. E.g. MC children with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands of school and gain qualifications. Wealthier parents can convert their economic capital into educational capital by sending their children to private schools, and paying extra tuition. -Gewirtz: sees how greater parental choice of school has benefited one social class more. Study; 14 London schools with interviews from parents and teachers. She found that differences in economic and cultural capital lead to class differences in how far parents can implement choice of secondary school. She identifies three main types of parents; privileged-skilled choosers (MC parents who used their economic and cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children), disconnected-local choosers (WC parents whose choices were restricted by their lack of economic and cultural capital), and semi-skilled choosers (mainly WC who were ambitious for their children but lacked cultural capital). Internal Factors (class difference) 2a) Labelling -Attaching a meaning to someone. Teachers often attach labels regardless of their ability or attitude. -Howard Becker- Did a study based on interviews with 60 Chicago high school teachers; they judge pupils to what they think is the ‘ideal pupil’. WC children were furthest (regarded as badly behaved). -Cicourel and Kitsuese- Did a study of educational counsellors in an American high school; they claimed to judge students according to their ability, however, they judged students on their social class/race- MC have more potential than WC children. -Rist- Did a study of an American kindergarten; the teacher used information about children’s background and appearance to place them into separate groups. At the front was the ‘tigers’ (MC, given complex work), ‘cardinals’ and then the ‘clowns’ (given easy work like drawing). -Sharp and Green- Did a study about a ‘child-centred’ primary school; children picked their own activities, teachers felt when a child is ready to learn they will seek help. However, teachers believed that children who weren’t ready should engage in ‘compensatory play’. Their findings support the interactionist view that children of different class background are labelled differently. They argue that the negative labelling of the WC is also the result of inequalities in wider society. 2b) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy -A prediction that comes true because it has been made. Step 1: Teacher labels pupil and makes predictions. Step 2: Teacher treats the pupil accordingly. Step 3: Pupil internalises the teacher’s expectation which becomes part of their self-concept/image, and becomes the kind of pupil the teacher believed (prediction is fulfilled). -Streaming: involves separating children into different ability groups (streams). Each group is taught differently. Studies show that the self-fulfilling prophecy is likely to occur once streamed. WC children are usually put in a lower stream as they aren’t ‘ideal pupils’. It is difficult to move up into a higher stream thus are locked into their teachers expectations - self-fulfilling prophecy as the children live up to their teachers expectations by under-achieving. 2c) Pupil Subcultures -A group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns. They emerge as a response to the way pupils have been labelled (reaction to streaming). -Lacey: Differentiation- process of teachers categorising pupils according to their ability/attitude/behaviour. Polarisation- process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of the two opposite extremes. Pro-school subculture- placed in higher streams, remain committed to the values of school and gain status through academic success. Anti-school subculture- placed in lower streams, have inferior status. -Hargreaves: There are two distinctive subcultures: Conformists and Non-conformists delinquents (a delinquent subculture that helped guarantee their educational failure). -Woods: argues that rather than seeing pupil subcultures as either conformist or deviant, it is more realistic to see a variety of possible adaptations/responses to the schooling process. Pro-school: Ingratiation (pupils who try to earn the favour of teachers), Opportunism (those who vary between teacher and peer approval), Compliance (pupils who conform for instrumental reasons), Ritualism (pupils who go through the motions), Colonisation (pupils who avoid trouble, but will deviate if there is less punishment). Anti-school: Ritualism, Retreatism (not opposed to school values, but not concerned about achieving success), Colonisation, Intransigence (deviate and aren’t bothered about the consequences), Rebellion (pupils have little regard to school values and reject school teachings). -Ball: found that when the school abolished banding, the basis for pupils to polarise into subcultures was largely removed and the influence of the anti-school subculture declined. However, differentiation continued. As a result, class inequalities can continue due to teachers labelling. -Limitations: Deterministic: assumes that once pupils are labelled, they have no choice but to fulfil the prophecy and will inevitably fail. Ignores wider structures of power: blames teachers for labelling pupils but fails to explain why. 2d) Marketisation and Selection Policies -Marketisation is a policy that introduces market forces of supply and demand into areas run by the state. Marketisation has brought in; Funding formula (giving a school the same amount of funds for each pupil), Exam League Tables (ranking schools based on their exam performance), Competition among schools to attract pupils. -A-C Economy: Schools need to achieve a good league table position to attract pupils and funding. However, this widens the class gap in achievement. The A-C economy is a system in which schools ration their time, money, effort and resources to those who will get 5 A*-C GCSEs to get a high rank. -Educational Triage: sorting pupils; ‘those who will pass anyway’, ‘those with potential’, ‘hopeless cases’. Those classed as hopeless cases are ignored (self-fulfilling prophecy and failure). -Competition and Selection: Schools with a good league table position will be placed to attract other able/MC pupils. Thus improves the school’s results and makes it more popular which increases funding. Popular schools can afford to screen out less able and more difficult pupils, unpopular schools are obliged to take the, get worse results, and get less funding. Cream skimming: selecting higher ability pupils, who gain the best results and cost less to teach. Silt-shifting: off-loading pupils with learning difficulties, who are expensive to teach and get poor results. -Attraction: creating school contracts to attract parents, buying things like pipe organs to get a ‘traditional’ image of the school (attracting the MC), grant maintained and city technology colleges provide vocational education in partnership with employers (another route to elite education). Ball et al suggests that schools spend more on marketing themselves to parents, and spend less in special needs in other areas. -Marketisation and selection created a polarised education system, with successful, well-resourced schools at one extreme, and failing un-resourced schools at the other; blurred hierarchy. External Factors (ethnic differences) 3a) Cultural Deprivation -Intellectual and linguistic skills: Major cause of under-achievement. Many children from low-income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. This leaves them poorly equipped for school because they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem-solving skills. Also the language used by black children in inadequate for educational success. Also those who don’t speak English at home may be held back educationally. However, Mirza and Gillborn note that Indian pupils do very well despite not having English as their home language. -Attitudes and Values: Lack of motivation is a major cause of the failure of black children. Many children are socialised in a mainstream culture of ambition, competitiveness and willingness to make scarifies to achieve long-term goals. Black children are socialised into a fatalistic subculture. -Family structure: Failure to socialise children adequately is the result of dysfunctional family structure. Many black families are headed by a lone-mother; their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially due to the absence of the male breadwinner. The absence of the father also leads to the absence of the positive role model. Charles Murray: would lead to the under-achievement of some minorities. Pryce: Asian pupils are higher achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. Black culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. Thus they have low self-esteem and under-achieve. -Asian families: Driver and Ballard: they bring educational benefits as the parents have more positive attitudes towards education, higher aspirations and are therefore more supportive. Lupton: respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children, and had a knock-on effect in schools. Khan: parents are ‘stress ridden’, bound by tradition, and controlling. -Criticisms: Driver: ignores positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. Lawrence: black pupils under-achieve because of racism not self-esteem. Keddie: victim-blaming theory. They under-achieve because schools are ethnocentric and favour white culture. Compensatory Education: it is an attempt to impose on the dominant white culture on children who have a culture of their own. Critics propose 2 alternatives: Multicultural education: recognises values of minority cultures and includes them in the curriculum. Anti-racist education: challenges the prejudice and discrimination that exists in schools and wider so ciety. 3b) Material Deprivation -Stats: 1) Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are more likely to be in low-paid jobs. 2) 15% of ethnic minority households live in overcrowded conditions. 3) Unemployment is three times higher for African and Bangladeshi/Pakistani people. -Gillborn and Mirza argue that social class factors don’t ignore the influence of ethnicity. When we compare pupils of the same social class but different ethnic origins, we still find differences in achievement. 3c) Racism in Wider Society -David Mason: ‘Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizen’s of ethnic minority origin’. -Rex: shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. E.g. housing; minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard accommodation than whites. -Noon: two people with the same qualifications and experience applied for a job. However, the white person got the job, rather than the Indian. Thus shows that ethnic minorities are more likely to face unemployment and low pay. Internal Factors (ethnic differences) 4a) Labelling and Teacher Racism -Interactionists: They see that teachers picture an image of the ‘ideal pupil’. But they see that black and Asian far from the ideal pupil. This leads them to label black pupils as disruptive and aggressive, and Asian pupils as passive and a problem they can ignore. -Gillborn and Youdell: due to racialised expectations, teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils than others for the same behaviour. -Black pupils: Teachers misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening/challenge to authority. Pupils then responded negatively and further conflict resulted. This may be why many black pupils are excluded, and their stereotypes may cause them to be in lower sets (under-achievement). -Asian pupils: Teachers assumed that they would have a poor grasp of English and left them out of class discussions or used simplistic childish language. They also felt isolated when teachers mispronounced their names or teachers expressed disapproval of their customs. 4b) Pupil Responses and Subcultures -Fuller: Study of a group of black girls in year 11. Found that the girls conformed as far as school work was concerned. They worked consistently, but gave the appearance of not doing so (positive attitude to academic success, but preferred to rely on their own efforts than teachers). Fuller sees that pupils may still succeed even when they refuse to conform, and negatively labelling doesn’t always lead to failure (no self-fulfilling prophecy). -Mirza: Study of ambitious girls who faced teacher racism. The study failed as their coping strategies restricted their opportunities and thus under-achieved. She found that racist teachers discouraged black pupils from being ambitious through the kind of career advice that was given to them. The colour blind: teachers who believe all pupils are equal but allow racism got unchallenged. Liberal chauvinists: teachers who believe black pupils are culturally deprived and had low expectations of them. Overt racists: teachers who believe blacks are inferior and discriminate against them. -Sewell: Four ways in which boys respond to racist stereotyping: Rebels (rejected both the goals and rules of school, conforming to the stereotype of the ‘black macho lad’. Saw white boys as effeminate), Conformists (keen to succeed, accepted the school’s goals and avoided stereotypes from teachers or their peers), Retreatists (disconnected from both school and black subcultures), Innovators (pro-education but anti-school). 4c) The Ethnocentric Curriculum -Ethnocentric: attitude/policy that gives more value to one culture and ignores the rest. -The curriculum is very ethnocentric (favouring white culture). E.g. in teaching languages; non-European languages are ignored (also other cultures in literature, art and music). However, in history, black history is taught, but it is focused on slavery. This may produce lower self-esteem to black pupils as this image of black people as inferior undermines them and may lead to failure. 4d) Institutional Racism -Institutional racism: discrimination that is built into the way institutions operate. -Schools tend to set schemes for the gifted and talented, and vocational schemes for the less academic e.g. black and Asians. External Factors (gender differences) 5a) Girls -Feminism: McRobbie shows that magazines in the 1970’s emphasised the importance of getting married. Whereas, nowadays, they contain images of assertive, independent women. Also soap operas now highlight the importance of self-esteem and personal choice for young women. -Family: Sine the 1970’s there have been major changes in the family. For example: an increase in divorce rates, increase in cohabitation and a decrease in the number of first marriages, increase in the number of lone-parent families (female-headed) and smaller families. These changes affect girl’s attitudes to education. Such as: the increase in female lone-parent families may mean more women need to take on the breadwinner role. This creates a new adult role model for girls- the financially independent. To achieve this, women need well-paid jobs, and thus good qualifications. Also the increase in divorce rates suggests that girls can make their own living. -Employment: 1970 Equal Pay Act (illegal to pay women less for the same job as men), Sex Discrimination Act. Women’s employment has risen due to the service sector and flexible part-time work. 1975- The pay gap between men and women has increased. Women are now breaking through the ‘glass ceiling’ (keeps them out of high-level professional managerial jobs). -Ambitions: Sharpe- study involved conducting interviews with girls in the 1970’s and 1990’s. In the 1970’s the girls felt that education with unfeminine and if they were interested, it would make them unattractive. In the 1990’s, the girl’s ambitions had changed, and thought careers are more important as they can support themselves. 5b) Boys -Feminisation of education: Schools do not nurture ‘masculine’ traits such as competitiveness and leadership. Also coursework has created differences in educational achievement. -Shortage of male primary school teachers: Strong positive male role models both at home and at school cause may cause under-achievement. 16% of men are primary school teachers. 42% said they made them work harder. Yet, Myhill and Jones found they felt male teachers treated boys harshly. -‘Laddish’ subculture: WC boys are more likely to be labelled as sissies and subjected to homophobic verbal abuse if they appeared to be ‘swots’. Boys were more concerned to be labelled by peers than girls, as it is a threat to their masculinity. Thus, WC boys rejected schoolwork to avoid being called ‘gay’. Epstein- ‘real boys don’t work’ if they do, they get bullied. Internal Factors (gender differences) 6a) Girls and Achievement -Equal opportunities policies: Policies such as GIST and WISE encourage girls to pursue a career in non-traditional areas. The National Curriculum has removed one source of gender inequality by making girls and boys study mostly the same subjects. Also schooling has become meritocentric. -Positive role models: The increase in female teachers shows that women can achieve positions of importance and giving them non-traditional goals to aim for. -GCSE and coursework: Girls are more successful in coursework as they are more conscientious and better organised. Sociologists argue that these characteristics and skills are the result of early gender socialisation. E.g. girls are likely to be encouraged to be neat, tidy and patient. This puts girls in a better place as they achieve greater success. Elwood- not the only cause of the gender gap. -Teacher attention: Teachers paid more attention to boys as they are attracted to reprimands. This may explain why teachers have more positive attitudes to girls, whom they see as cooperative, than to boys, whom are seen as disruptive. This may lead to self-fulfilling prophecy in which successful interactions with teachers promote girls self-esteem and raise the achievement levels. -Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum: Sexist images have been removed from learning materials. This may help raise girl’s success levels- more positive images of what women can do. -Selection and league tables: Girls are more likely to be recruited from good schools as they are more attractive to schools. This may create a self-fulfilling prophecy. -Feminists: Liberal- See that further progress will be made by the continuing developments of equal opportunities, and see education is a meritocracy. Radical- System still remains patriarchal. E.g. sexual harassment continues, education still limits their subject choice and career options, females are less likely to become head-teachers.

Perfect competition Essay Example for Free

Perfect competition Essay In our life, electricity is very importance and this is one of necessary things we use in everyday. In Vietnam, there is big corporation supply electricity for whole country which is EVN and the market of electricity in Vietnam is the monopoly. First of all, while perfect competitive market has many buyer and seller, monopoly is the market which has only one firm supplying the whole market. As the results, monopoly creates the unique product which dose not has close substitutes. Of course, in monopoly, there are no firms offering essentially identical same as perfect competitive market so has no close competition and, therefore, has the power to influence the market price of its product. Moreover, there are strong barriers to entry in this market. A monopoly remains the only seller in its market because other firm cannot enter the market and compete with it. Why monopoly can arise? We should consider three sources of barriers. First, the simplest way for a monopoly to arise is for a single firm to own the key resource. EVN, for example, it own the key input to produce electricity such as coal and water. Second, in many cases, monopoly arises because the Government has given one person or firm the exclusive right to sell some good or service. The patent and copyright laws are two importance examples. When you use your computer, it probably uses some version of Windows, the operating system sold by the Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft applied and received a copy right from the Government. Surely, nobody can sell and copy this except Microsoft and if one person wants to buy a copy of Windows, they have to pay higher price for this product. And the last is production process. When the firm has the copyright, it can raise the out put of the product and as the result price will be decrease. By the law of supply and demand, the costumers will be attracted away from the other firms. Of course, other firms will loss profit and be kicked out of the market. The firm has the copyright will be come monopoly. In addition, while perfect competitive firms have to take the given price and become price taker, monopolist firm has the market power to set the price of its product and become price maker. For instance, consider the market for electricity. If in Vietnam there are many of firm supply electricity, the prices of it will be lower but in fact, there is only one EVN supply electricity for whole country so even if it charge the high price people have to accept because it is impossible to get electricity from anywhere else. Not surprising, the monopolist has much greater market power than any single firm in a competitive market. In the case of a necessity like electricity, the monopolist could command quite a high price. Overall, all of characteristics such as there is only one producer, unique product, strong barriers to entry, price maker together they create one kind of market which is perfect competitive market.

Design Flaws on the Titanic

Design Flaws on the Titanic The sinking of the Titanic is one of the most well known sea disasters to date. It has had numerous songs, movies, books, and even a cruise planned in its honor. There were 2340 people aboard the ship when it set sail across the Atlantic on its maiden voyage. When it sank, there was a total loss of life of 1635 people (Myers 17) Not only are there several theories about the cause, there are several changes that came from the sinking of the Titanic that range from modifying the designs of the ships, regulations on type of materials used, and better laws and regulations for safety and communications. This disaster has affected the world as a whole, as there were people from different countries and social status that lost their lives in the disaster. In 1904, Trans-Atlantic British ships were all fitted with the radio equipment created by Guglielmo Marconi. The operators for these were previous operators from railroad lines and the postal telegraph. In England, the general call on land lines was CQ. When the wireless progressed to sea this became CQD signifying CQ general call, D distress. The Titanic first used CQD with the Titanics call letters MGY. Later, they would use this interspersing it with the newly created distress code of SOS. (McEwen) When the Titanic set sail it was equipped with the best available electrical generators and radio equipment for the wireless by Marconi Company. Which was the dominate provider of radio equipment and operators. It had 5 kilowatt motor generator with an emergency generator and batteries. The radio had a guaranteed range of 250 miles under any weather and could maintain communications over 400 miles. The antenna was four wires stretched between two masts with a height of 205 feet above sea level. This was fed by four individual wire feed lines. (Johnson) On the night of the 14th, the two operators, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, were going through the backlog of communications due to radio equipment problems. The first message received mentioned ice. By 9:30PM, they had received various reports of the dangerous ice. They only responded with Thanks and continued on. By 10:55, the Californian said that they were stopped and surrounded by ice and they were told to shut by Phillips, and that they (the Titanic operators) were busy with Cape Race. (Cape Race Wireless in Newfoundland). However, Captain Edward J. Smith of the Titanic ordered the change in course based on four of the received messages. Three warnings were received from the crows nest. (Myers 46) Even fifteen minutes before the Titanic struck, the lookout men had reported seeing an iceberg. No attention was paid to the warnings. (Myers 47) This was at 11:15pm. Murdock, the officer in charge of the bridge, was accused of being tardy in answering the call from lookouts. That without his tardiness, the Titanic could have averted the disaster, allowing her to turn enough to hit the iceberg with her stern. (Myers 48) It was also noted that disaster could have been averted had the lookout men in the crows nest been equipped with binoculars. They had requested these in Belfast, only to be turned away empty-handed. The Titanic was 900 ft long, 25 stories high, and weighed 46, 000 tons. It was created with turn of the century design and technology. It possessed 16 major watertight compartments in the lower section of the boat. These were easily sealed off if the hull was punctured. In the worse accident at sea (two ships collide) the Titanic should have been able to stay afloat for 2-3 days allowing time for resue. (Bassett) However, after the collision with the iceberg, the hull part of 6 of the 16 compartments were damaged. They sealed off the compartments but when the bow of the ship pitched forward from the water weight in that area, the water spilled over into the other adjacent compartments. They were only watertight horizontally, the tops were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline. (Bassett) These compartments are what caused the general belief that the Titanic was practically unsinkable. However it is found that without those compartments the water would have sp read out, preventing the bow from weighing the ship down below water level. The White Star Line modified the Titanic sister ships, Olympic and Britannic, by extending the double bottoms up the sides of the hull, and the transverse bulkhead compartments were raised. (Garzke and others) In addition to the design flaws, it was found that the hull steel and wrought iron rivets failed due to brittle fracture. This is a type of failure in structural materials that occurs without prior deformation and at extremely high speeds. Brittle fracture is caused by low temperatures, high impact load, and high sulphur content. At the night of the collision, all three causes were present. (Bassett) Scientists recovered a piece of the hull steel and noted that the edges were jagged and sharp, shattered as if it was china. The metal showed no evidence of bending or deformation. High quality steel is more ductile and will deform rather than break. (Gannon, 1995) The steel recovered from the Titanic was given the Charpy test This is where a cigarette sized coupon of steel from the wreck was held against steel backing and struck with a 67lb pendulum on a 2 ÂÂ ½ ft long arm. This was compared with modern steel and they were placed in a alcohol bath at -1ÂÂ °C to simulate the co nditions of the disaster. The modern steel bent into a v, wereas the Titanic steel pinged, the pendulum barely slowed and the broken piece flew across the room (Bassett) The wrought iron rivets in the hull were also have shown to fail due to brittle facture. In addition to that design flaws, tests have shown that lesser quality iron rivets when they hit the iceberg, the weaker rivets in the bow popped, opening the seams in the hull (Hooply-McCarty and Foeck) From the beginning of the voyage, there were not enough lifeboats for the amount of people on the ship. If the lifeboats were filled to capacity, they would fit 1100 people( Myers 17) The designer had allowed room on deck for 2 rows of lifeboats. One row was removed in order to make the deck ascetically pleasing.(Bassett) The British Board of Trade regulations at that time stated that all British vessels over 10,000 tons must carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 5,500 cubic feet, plus enough rafts and floats for 75% of the lifeboats. These were obviously out of date as steamships had greatly grown in size proven by Titanics 46, 000 tons. Actually, The White Star Line had provided 20 lifeboats which was more than required by law, but inadequate for the amount of passengers on board. There were multiple changes in the laws and regulations after the Titanic disaster. After the Titanic sank, they strengthened the laws governing the use of radio equipment on ocean liners. (Gale Group 199 9) There were new established safety regulations. The US government also began ice patrols to alert the English and US boats of approaching ice fields, they made sure the lifeboats were supplied properly, and change the requirements regarding lifeboats. Up to this point, lifeboats were based on tonnage, and this was change so that every person aboard the ship had a seat on the lifeboat. They also established lifeboat drills that were held once the ship sailed. (Visible Ink Press) The Titanic barely made a noise when it struck the iceberg. Large amounts of the passengers had already gone to bed. Stewards and other members of crew were sent to arouse the people. Some refused to get up. The crew almost had to force the doors of the staterooms to make them appreciate their peril; many were drowned like rats in a trap.(Myers 53) The slight lean the ship had as it was sinking, contributed to a larger loss of life, as few could believe that there was danger, and this resulted in the passengers going back to their various activities, or going to dress. Once on the deck, many hesitated to enter the swinging life-boats. The glassy sea, the starlit sky, the absence, in the first few moments of intense excitement, gave them the feeling that there was only some slight mishap; that those who got on the boats would have a chilly half hour below and might, later, be laughed at. (Myers 57) The call was put out that the lifeboats would be filled with women and children first. This caused a panic as many women clung to their husbands and refused to be separated. A number of steerage passengers were yelling, screaming and fighting to get on board. Officers drew guns and told them if they moved towards the boats they would be shot dead. (Myers 59) However, once on the lifeboats, it was discovered that there was a lack of necessary equipment. The boats were filled 1/3 to capacity, with no supplies, no way to raise sails or operate sailboats. (Myers 72) Several of the lifeboats would return to allow some fo the survivors ot climb into the lifeboa ts, escaping from the freezing water. The RMS Carpathia was the closest ship to the disaster that responded, and would be the one that brought the survivors to New York City. The total loss of life would amount to 1635 people. (Myers 17) From these survivors, a large portion of these are children from first and second class. Only 27 children were saved from the 79 total of third class passengers. This could also be contributed to the language barrier due to the large amount of foreign third class passengers. There were a total of 425 women aboard the ship, from first, second, third class, and crewmembers. Out of these, 316 survived. The majority loss of life, also coming from the third class passengers. Only 338 men survived the sinking, this is out of all 1352 men aboard. This is partially due to the women and children first rule. At the time of voyage, there were a variety of the rich and powerful on the Titanic. These included: John Jacob Astor IV and his wife, Madelein, Macys owner Isidor Straus, and his wife, Ida, silent film actress, Dorothy Gibson, the Countess of Rothes, Denver millionaire, Margaret Brown, Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, and his couturier wife, streetcar magnate, George Dunton Widner, Pennsylvania railroad executive John Borland Thayer and his 17yr old son, and U.S. presidential aide Major Archibald Butt. When news of the Titanic spread, the resulting panic insued because of some of the worlds movers and shakers were on that boat, and the public worried about how this would effect them. The Titanic is one of the great sea disasters to date. The resulting loss of life and loss of large amounts of money, mail, and various riches that couldnt be replaced, or retrieved. There are no survivors left of this disaster, however to this day, Belfast mourns the loss of 123 people from Lebanon traveling on the Titanic along with mostly European passengers and Asian crew. Every year they lay a wreath to commemorate the loss. (The Irish Times.) The ultimate cause of the Titanic sinking was from striking an iceberg on its voyage from Belfast to its ultimate destination of New York. During the time they were crossing the North Atlantic, they were also battling a coal fire in one of the bunkers. It was assumed that the crew was attempting to break speed records at that time. However, the ship was built for comfort, rather than speed. And in further investigation of reports from surviving crew, the fire has become another factor as to why ship was moving so fast after reports came in about the ice fields in an area of the North Atlantic that made the travel distance shorter from the original planned route. If there was a reason for speed, it had to be something important, like a fire in a coal bunker that neede to be kept under control and put out as soon as the ship reached port.(Science Daily) The multitude of complications that arouse from this maiden voyage changed history from the large loss of life. This could have been avoided with simple precautions, and a more realistic idea of the unsinkable Titanic. The communication issue on the Titanic is what pioneered the wireless world today. The new regulations for ships at sea, resulted in more and better equipped lifeboats and ice patrols in areas known for ice fields. The designs and materials used for the ships were changed to allow for safer ships, preventing the shattering of steel or water weighting down the ship. Without this disaster, would we have progressed this far so fast?

Essay --

CIMB Group Holdings Berhad CIMB Group Holdings Berhad is a dominant ASEAN universal bank, one of the largest investment bank in Asia and also one of the world's largest Islamic banks. CIMB Group provided services in consumer banking, wholesale banking, Islamic banking and asset management. Its corporate banking and treasury markets business offers one of the most comprehensive and integrated product and services that suites universal banks in ASEAN. CIMB Group in Malaysia headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. It is first known as Bian Chiang Bank and was established in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia in 1924 by Wee Kheng Chiang where the bank's activities were mainly related to business financing and the issuance of bills of exchange. Currently, the group has over 43,000 employees located in 18 countries, covering ASEAN and major global financial centres. Its products and services are complemented by partnerships and alliances with many well-known companies such as Principal Financial Group, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Sun Life Assurance, Allianz Insurance, Thai Life Insurance, Sri Ayudhya General Insurance, and Mapletree Investments. Dutch Lady Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (Dutch Lady Malaysia) was incorporated in 1963. It is the first milk company that listed on Bursa Malaysia in 1968. The Company’s factory is located in Petaling Jaya and has over 600 employees. Its holding company is Royal FrieslandCampina, a Dutch multinational corporation and one of the largest milk companies in the world. Dutch Lady Malaysia manufactures and sells quality dairy products and fruit juices not just for the home, but also for the export market. The company's dairy products have high consumer demand and are represented by familiar brands such as D... ...was incorporated in Malaysia on 15 April 1995 as a private company which under the name of Ampney Holdings Sdn Bhd. Amway is one of the world's largest direct selling companies in Malaysia. The Amway business has grown to provide opportunities for more than three million people and marketing around 450 products. In addition, the main activity of Amway is investment holding and it now operates in over 80 countries. Amway can consider as the global leader in the direct sales business sector, and it was the most experienced and supportive partner. The Amway company began the business as a low-cost business opportunity. Today, Amway is the leading direct selling company in Malaysia with a core distributor force of 221,000 from all corners of the nation and a high sales turnover for the financial year ended 31 December 2010 that making Amway a household name in Malaysia.

Americas Abandonment of Natural Law Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resea

America's Abandonment of Natural Law      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Declaration of Independence forthrightly states "We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The origin of these Rights is "...the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God..." (Declaration of Independence). The Founders used the principle of Natural Law as the basis for the Declaration of Independence as well as the Constitution. This makes the concept of Natural Rights extraordinarily important when examining the foundations of our government. However, despite this, the Natural Law argument seems to have become lost in current politics and judicial debates.    Why is this? I believe it arises due to two main problems. First, the American people have lost faith in a "Creator" who serves as the basis for these rights. Secondly, in reaction to the former, scholars, as well as, judges have begun to focus on conventional rights, such as those in the Constitution, instead of Natural Rights. In this article, I will examine where the concept of Natural Law originated, what it means, and demonstrate its absence from current politics.    John Locke, a man the Founders looked to for the philosophical foundations of this nation, used the term "Natural Law" in his Second Treatise on Government. He wrote,    The State of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it which obliges everyone:... that being all equal and independent no one ought to harm another in his Life, Health, Liberty, or Possessions (Locke, 270-71).    His idea was rooted in the belief that Nature created man and, th... ...an act of legislation which is contrary to the first great principles of social compact (those in the Declaration of Independence) cannot be considered a rightful exercise of legislative authority and must therefore be overturned. Justice Thomas eloquently sums up the need for the reemergence of the Natural Law argument in his article "Toward a 'Plain Reading' of the Constitution" when he writes "The first purposes of equality and liberty should inspire our political and constitutional thinking."    Works Cited: Basler, Roy, ed. Lincoln in Text and Context: The Collected Works. vol. IV. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953. Fehrenbacher, Don. Abraham Lincoln: A Documentary Portrait. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1964. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993

The Killer Angels :: essays research papers fc

CONTENTS: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Terror Near the Tracks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manhunt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Suspicious Angel -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Surrender -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Incarceration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sentenced to Death -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Author -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- By the Same Author -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Home Angel Maturino Resendez: The Railroad Killer by Joe Geringer Terror Near the Tracks One of the more romantic elements of American folklore has been the criss-crossing rail system of this country – steel rails carrying Americans to new territories across desert and mountain, through wheat fields and over great rivers. Carl Sandburg has flavored the mighty steam engine in elegant prose and Arlo Guthrie has made the roundhouse a sturdy emblem of America’s commerce. But, even the most colorful dreams have their dark sides. For nearly two years, a killer literally followed wheatfield America’s railroad tracks to slay unsuspecting victims before disappearing back into the pre-lit dawn. His modus operandi was always the same – he struck near the rail lines he illegally rode, then stowed away on the next freight train to come his way. Always ahead of the law. Angel Maturino Resendez, 39 years old, was apprehended early this month (July, 1999) after eluding state police for two years and slipping through a two-month FBI net until, after nine alleged murders, he was finally traced and captured by a determined Texas Ranger. Known, for apparent reasons, as "The Railroad Killer," Angel Resendez (who was known throughout much of the manhunt by the alias Rafael Ramirez) has been called "a man with a grudge," "confused," hostile" and "angry" by the police, the news media and psychiatrists. He is an illegal immigrant from Mexico who crossed the international border at will. Most of his crimes took place in central Texas, but he is suspected of having killed as far north as Kentucky and Illinois. Mugshot of Angel Resendez While he fits the mold of serial killers such as David Berkowitz and the Boston Strangler, Resendez killed more meditatively for something he needed: alcohol, drugs, a place to hide out, though usually money. He raped, but "sex seemed almost secondary," according to former FBI profiler John Douglas. Douglas calls Resendez "just a bungling crook †¦very disorganized," but one whose own disorganization worked well for him. Because his trail was haphazard, because he himself didn’t know where he was heading next, this directionless, drifting form of operation kept Resendez inadvertently ever-the-more elusive. FBI special agent Don K. Clark says that the manhunt was complicated by the fact that Resendez had "no permanent address" while continuing to travel unchecked "throughout the United States, Mexico and Canada.

Non-Violent Protest: Dr. Martin Luther King

Non-violent protest: Dr. Martin Luther King This morning, I woke up to turn on the 7 o clock news and listened to the reporter inform America on violence around the world. There were stories ranging from a shootout in Homewood to wars amongst territories. If violence continues to breakdown communities, there will come a time where there will be no communities left to destroy. My grandmother was telling me how today is not the same day as yesterday; when brothers and sisters helped each other progress through struggles. During the1900s, society was unjust because of color.Whites wanted to rule the nation, but this was not in the interest of black people. Blacks wanted an end to segregation, injustices, and white supremacy. There were many different leaders that used different methods to strive for the achievement of this goal and many failed. Dr. Martin Luther King made a great contribution to the conclusion of oppression for blacks. What did Martin Luther King do differently to help blacks and whites walk together after centuries of oppression? During the 1900s, blacks were faced with major obstacles that still affect people today.Blacks were not given opportunities to receive great education (Washington, M. (2006)). During that time, in Mississippi, three dollars was spent on an African American’s education and sixty dollars was spent on a white person’s education. Blacks were not allowed to vote and were not perceived as true citizens of the United States (Washington, M. (2006)). Whites sought to terrorize black people by preventing them from living life freely (Washington, M. (2006)). The world was separated and blacks were left with the trashy side of it (Washington, M. (2006)).African Americans wanted change, but they did not know how to make a huge societal change. During the time of oppression against black people, there were people, organizations, movements, and protest that aimed for black power and separation. The Black Panther Party was formed in 1966 and aimed to overthrow their white oppressors (Mintz, S. (2007)). Bookter T. Washington thought it would be a good idea to accommodate whites, integrate races economically and be separate socially. Marcus Garvey advocated a â€Å"back to Africa movement† because he saw a future with no love between blacks and whites.Black Muslims advocated racial separation and it was cultivated in their religion (Mintz, S. (2007)). Muhammad said â€Å"Your entire race will be destroyed and removed from this earth by Almighty God. And those black men who are still trying to integrate will inevitably be destroyed along with the whites (Mintz, S. (2007))† He showed much anger to white people and wanted total separation with black supremacy (Mintz, S. (2007)). Malcolm X was a leader that advocated violence if it was necessary to break down the walls of racial oppression. By any means necessary† is a famous quote stated by Malcolm X that shows his view on obtaining bl ack power (Mintz, S. (2007)). These leaders are known to be great but oppression continued to build; there was still no peace. Whites continued to oppress blacks and looked for ways to make their lives miserable. Dr. King believed society would be demolished if everything continued. He decided to take a different approach. â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that† is an infamous quote stated by Dr.Martin Luther King Jr (King, M. (1998)). Dr. King lived his whole life during a time where blacks were severely mistreated and faced enormous injustices. He felt if blacks continued to fight back with violence, then there would be a world with no peace until it is destroyed. Dr. King had a dream that blacks would not be judged by the content of their skin but by the content of their character. (Dyson, M. E. (2008)) He dreamed of a world with equal opportunities and civil rights (Dyson, M. E. (2008)). He wante d this dream to become sight and many people influenced his approach.He advocated six principles to help society reach his vision. I would like to use this section of the paper to establish who and what inspired the practices and ideas of Dr. King. While pursuing a degree at the Crozer Theological Seminary, King listened to a lecture presented by Mahatma Gandhi (King, M. (1998)). Being inspired by his words, King read different books written by Ghandi (King, M. (1998)). He learned that Ghandi used non-violence against British rule in India (King, M. (1998)). King believed this was a method that could possibly settle the injustices for blacks in America.For more influence, King studied the theories of Henry David Thoreau with the intent to make a societal change (Dyson, M. E. (2008)). King was familiar with the leaders who used non-violence such as Frederick Douglass, Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin, but King wanted everyone to get involved (Mintz, S. (2007)). King partnered up wit h Ralph Abernathy and Bayard Rustin and formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Jerome, B. (2011)). King aimed for the SCLC to be attractive to the black church so that everyone would play a role (Jerome, B. (2011)). The 6 principles that King advocated 1 Do not humiliate or defeat (King Jr, M. (1957)). During this time of injustice, there was much hatred between black and white people. Blacks were always being defeated by whites, and they were tired of white supremacy. As a result, blacks aimed to defeat their oppressors to live life freely. Dr. King, the enlightened thinker, opposed the view. Dr. King said â€Å"the nonviolent resister should not seek to humiliate or defeat the opponent but to win his friendship and understanding (King Jr, M. (1957)). † Dr. King practiced what he preached. After Rosa Parks rejected to give up her seat to a white man on the bus, she was arrested.Many community leaders and Dr. King developed a bus boycott (King Jr, M. (1957)). Th is allowed King to implement what he learned from Ghandi. Dr. King was arrested and his house was fire bombed. After his house was bombed, he called out for his family (King Jr, M. (1957)). Instead of fighting back with violence he said â€Å"Now let's not become panicky, if you have weapons, take them home; if you do not have them, please do not seek to get them. We cannot solve this problem through retaliatory violence. We must meet violence with nonviolence. We must love our white brothers, no matter what they do to us.We must meet hate with love (Jerome, B. (2011)). † However, that did not stop him. For about 13 months, 17,000 black people in Montgomery refused to ride the bus (Jerome, B. (2011)). As a result, the company was losing too much money. On November 13th, 1956, the Montgomery Bus Boycott was known as a success, because the buses were desegregated. #2. Non-violent resistance is not for cowards (King Jr, M. (1957)). Some may raise opposition and believe that they have too much pride to be disrespected. Many thought it was a cowardly act, however, King believed otherwise.King said non-violent resistance is passive and always seeks opportunities to convince the opponent of advantages in forming a loving relationship (Dyson, M. E. (2001)). Although one is not violent, one continues to drive on coming together. A person, who drives on togetherness despite opposition, is brave and strong because it is not easy to go against the masses (Dyson, M. E. (2001)). This was shown during the Greensboro sit-in on February 1st, 1960. Four black students from North Carolina A;T State University decided to sit at the â€Å"whites only† counter at a local restaurant (Schlosser, J. (1998)).They did not get served and decided to stay seated in the section until they were served. They continued to return day after day and brought friends with them. After a week, hundreds were waiting to be served (Schlosser, J. (1998)). The restaurant eventually served th e students and the protest influenced many non-violent protests throughout different cities (Schlosser, J. (1998)). Instead of fighting, mirroring, and hating, the students looked to eat with other white people. The white people did not like it, but they had the chance to hear the black students. #3: Non-violent resisters attack forces of evil (King Jr, M. 1957)). African Americans believed that they were always under-attack and had to defend themselves. If people are striving for a world full of peace, evil has to be non-existent. During the 1900s, blacks and whites had evil intentions, but it was acceptable for whites to behave on their intentions (Washington, M. (2006)). King wanted the evil intentions to exit the minds of everyone and out of the world. King said â€Å"We are out to defeat injustice and not white persons who may be unjust (King Jr, M. (1957)). † Instead of hurting the person who has done evil, attack the evil forces.He wanted everyone to concentrate on att acking the evil forces of injustice, instead of trying to defeat the white man. Given you have killed a white man; the evil forces will continue to live. However, if you attack the evil forces, everyone can walk together. In 1961, the Freedom Riders abided by this principle. Black and white Freedom Riders left Washington D. C. in 1961 and rode buses, trains, and planes from city to city to protest against the forces of evil that segregated interstate transportation (Lisker, D. (2001)). They reached opposition, mobs and were arrested (Lisker, D. (2001)).After much perseverance, great support was gained from around the world. #4 Non-violent resisters accept suffering without retaliation (King Jr, M. (1957)). King believed one should accept violence but never commit it. This would enable white people to hear and listen to what they had to say (King Jr, M. (1957)). It may sound crazy because in today’s world, many problems are dealt with by using retaliation; just watch the news. However, earlier generations watched blacks accept the abuse, and later shake hands with white people. In 1963, the 16th Street Baptist Church was bombed and 4 black girls were killed (Simkin, J. (2011)).Instead of the parents and the community trying to kill Chambliss, the bomber, they accepted the suffering (Simkin, J. (2011)). They non-violently protested to let their voice be heard and Chambliss was sentenced to life in prison (Simkin, J. (2011). If they had retaliated, there would have been more than four dead girls. By not retaliating, Chambliss, who had used forces of evil, left society. As a result, there was one less force to fight against. #5 In Non-violent resistance, one loves the opponent with â€Å"agape (King Jr, M. (1957)). † Agape means unconditional love, and King expected everyone to love their opponent with it.Many people struggled with this principle because people could not find anything within themselves to love someone who terrorized them for so long. King wanted everyone to love everyone despite the opposition and the oppression (Dyson, M. E. (2008)). The avocation of this belief brought many colors together. King said â€Å"Along the way of life, someone must have sense enough and morality enough to cut off the chain of hate (Dyson, M. E. (2008)). † King wanted blacks to shine light on breaking this chain of hate and to bring love into the relationships. #6 In Non-violence resistances, the universe is just (King Jr, M. (1957)).Evidently, there are many people who share difficulty in loving your opponent. King believes the world was created to be just, but everyone is free to act with their own free will. People acted with their own free will and brought forces of evil into the world. The forces continued to grow since the start of time. King wanted everyone to understand that the world will evolve into a just universe. King encouraged others to believe that God is moving us toward universal love and wholeness continual (Dyson, M. E. (2008)). He used this principle to reinforce to African Americans that justice will be served in God’s time (Dyson, M. E. 2008)). He wanted African American activists to have and keep faith that justice will be served in the future. All of the work for justice will result in love, peace and justice everywhere is a belief that King stood by. Some may say non-violence was not going to fix the injustices in society. In the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), non-violence was their method to help the conditions of black people (Digital Library of Georgia. (2011, July 11)). In Los Angeles in 1965, an African- American was arrested with physical force because a white police officer thought he was intoxicated (Digital Library of Georgia. 2011, July 11)). People crowded around the scene in the neighborhood of Watts and started to violate the police officers. There was great tension between the people of Watts and the white authority for days. After, SNCC used violence as their method to help relieve blacks of oppression because non-violence was not putting an end to it. They believed that blacks needed to build power instead of trying to receive accommodations from the people with power, whites (Mintz, S. (2007)). Stokely Carmichael was head of the SNCC in May of 1966 and sought to use violence to beat oppression (Digital Library of Georgia. (2011, July 11)).The non-violence approach did not work for the SNCC; however, they did not continue to persevere through the tough time. Perseverance is defined as steady persistence in a course of action despite difficulties. Dr. King is an infamous historical icon that held this trait. People should not have expected time to change immediately after many years of oppression. When Dr. King persevered and gained strong support, changed happened, and he used the method of non-violence which brought everyone together. To conclude, Dr. King’s approach to help heal society was very different from the violent retaliation that people advocated.Dr. King overcame much to achieve his vision. He dealt with blacks not wanting to support his method, but to oppose it. He dealt with whites constantly trying to prevent him from making a change in society, but Dr. King continued to advocate and practice his principles. He was able to see that blacks had been trying to make a change by using violence for many years and it did not work. He understood that if blacks fought for black supremacy then it would just cause war and corruption. Whites feared being oppressed and became threatened when blacks retaliated; which drove for more oppression. Dr.King knew if a change was going to be made, then there would have to be love in the world. His approach was successful because he got the attention of white people, and they listened to what he had to say. When blacks retaliated, whites had no time to listen because they had to look for new ways to oppress black people more. I admire Dr. Kin g because he was able to bring blacks and whites together after the hatred between the two races for many years. Presently, we have blacks killing their brothers, sisters and communities without the development of a black society. This is an issue within the black community that needs to be fixed.What should we do? We should apply the 6 principles presented by Dr. King. We have to teach our brothers and sisters not to aim to defeat each other, but to love and lift up one another. We have to teach our brothers and sisters that life is not about being the â€Å"baddest† person on the block; it is ok to walk away out of love. We need to attack the evil forces that are causing the bad behaviors of our brothers and sisters. The people within the black communities need to be taught how to accept it when someone strikes you in the face, and to retaliate with love instead of a shot to the head.We have to show our brothers and sisters that we love them unconditionally; as a result, lo ve will drive out hate. It will be hard to teach people that the non-violent principles work, just as it was hard for Dr. King. Many people are ignorant of his contribution to society and are unaware of his method. I think the ideas, values, beliefs and history of the 1900s were not passed down from generation to generation effectively enough. When I was in elementary school, my grandmother told me â€Å"if someone hits you, do not hit them back. † She was able to see how effective non-violent protests were.My parents told me â€Å"if someone hits you, then you hit them back. † These are two different philosophies from two different generations on the same subject. If my grandmother’s generation would have effectively passed down their values and beliefs, then the world would be different. The world would not be the same because retaliation may be out of the social norm. People have to educate everyone on the impact of non-violence. After we have done all we can do, we have to call on God and let his will be done. Works Cited Carman, J. (2010). 6 facts about non-violent resistance.Retrieved from http://www. care2. com/greenliving/martin-luther-king-six-facts. html Dyson, M. E. (2008). April 4, 1968, martin luther king, jr. ‘s death and how it changed america. Basic Books. Dyson, M. E. (2001). I may not get there with you: The true martin luther king, jr. Free Press. Jerome, B. (2011). martin luther king: Biography. Retrieved from http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/USAkingML. htm King, M. (1998). The autobiography of martin luther king, jr. New York: Warner Books. King Jr, M. (1957). Teaching american history. org. Retrieved from http://teachingamericanhistory. rg/library/index. asp? document=1131 Mintz S. (2007) America in ferment: The tumultuous 1960s â€Å"black nationalism and black power. Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=370 Digital Library of Georgia. (2011, July 11). Watts riots. Retrieved from http://crdl. usg. edu/events/watts_riots/? Welcome Nonviolence: The only road to freedom. (2006). Retrieved from http://teachingamericanhistory. org/library/index. asp? document=1426 Washington, M. (2006). American experience. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. rg/wgbh/amex/1900/filmmore/reference/interview/washing_obstaclesfaced. html West Virginia Department of Education. (2011, November 15). https://wvde. state. wv. us/. /02technicalwritingpowerpoint. ppt. Retrieved from http://citationmachine. net/index2. php Simkin, J. (2011). 16th street baptist church bombing. Retrieved from http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/USAC16. htm Schlosser, J. (1998). Greensboro sit-ins launch of a civil rights movement. Retrieved from http://www. sitins. com/story. shtml Lisker, D. (2001). A brief history. Retrieved from http://www. freedomridersfoundation. org/id16. html